29.88:C 88
Clemson University
3 1604 019 700 832
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1985
UBRARX
HISTORIC
STRUCTURES
REPORT
CROOK HOUSE
SEPTEMBER 1984
SAN JUAN ISLAND
NATIONAL
HISTORICAL PARK
CULTURAL RESOURCES DIVISION PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
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My Life Story
In English Camp
Where British soldiers once did tramp
There is where I've spent
My long career.
I 've hauled the logs
And drained the bogs
And worked
With horse and steer.
I've handled wood cord after cord
And threw it down a slippery board
At the bottom near the bow
I piled it high up on the scow.
I plowed up fields filled with stumps
With tools on wheels I smoothed the lumps.
To do hard work I have been forced
But from hard work I'm now divorced.
I hope again I'll never be married
To heavy things that were hauled and carried
Sometimes with work I'm forced to flirt
By myself I'm careful not to hurt.
I've done woodwork and every bevel
And tried to drag girls down to my level.
With watchful eye I long did look
To change some good girl to a Crook.
Until this time I've done no harm
And now I've lost my youthful charm.
■James Crook, n.d.
CROOK HOUSE
HISTORIC STRUCTURES REPORT
English Camp
San Juan Island National Historical Park
San Juan Island, Washington
Prepared by
Patricia Erigero, Historian
Barry Schnoll, Historical Architect
August 1984
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 1
PART ONE
BACKGROUND
I . ADMINISTRATIVE DATA 5
List of Classified Structures (5) — Planning Documents (5)
--Justification of Proposed Treatment (6)--Recommended Changes in
Proposed Treatment and Use of the Structure (7)--Recommendations
for Documentation (8)
II. GEOGRAPHIC AND NATURAL SETTING 9
PART TWO
HISTORY
III. CONTEXT 17
English Camp Structures (21 )--Civilian Settlement (23)
IV. THE CROOK FAMILY 27
V. THE CROOK HOUSE 47
Interior Features (52)
VI . SITE DEVELOPMENT 59
PART THREE
EXISTING SITE AND BUILDING CONDITIONS
VII. SITE 69
VIII. BUILDING 75
Structural Systems (75)--Exterior Building Envelope (87
--Mechanical System (90) — Electrical (94) — Interior (94!
— Room-by-Room Description (96)— Door Schedule ( 102)— Window
Schedule (103)
PART FOUR
BUILDING DEVELOPMENT
IX. TARGET OBJECTIVES FOR BUILDING DEVELOPMENT 109
Site (110)— Visitor Center (111)— Staff (1 12)— Curatorial (112)
--Long Term (113)
X. RECOMMENDED APPROACHES 115
Site (115) — Visitor Center (118)— Staff (1 19)— Curatorial (122)
—Long Term (123)— Areas of Future Study (124)
XI. REHABILITATION TO MEET PROGRAM AND CODE REQUIREMENTS 125
APPENDICES 139
Statement of Significance (141)— Abridged Census Material (143)
— Abridged San Juan County Property Assessment (145) — 1875 Auction
Announcement (147) — James Crook, Sr., Drawing (149) — Standard
Distribution List (151)
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 53
ILLUSTRATIONS
1. Crook House, ca. 1903 1
2. Regional Map: San Juan Islands 10
3. Vicinity Map: San Juan Islands 11
4. English Camp During Royal Marines Occupation 19
5. Engraving of English Camp, ca. 1870 26
6. Mary Crook Davis, Jim Crook and Rhoda Crook, ca. 1900 37
7. Carding Machine Built by Jim Crook 37
8. Jim Crook with Homemade Wool Suit, ca. 1945 40
9. Mary Crook Davis and Jim Crook, ca. 1955 45
10. Crook House, ca. 1903 46
11. Crook House Porch Brackets, 1984 46
12. Crook House West Entry Door, 1984 51
13. Crook House Second Floor Porch Door, 1984 51
14. Ca. 1960 Kitchen Wing, Crook House, 1984 53
15. Partial North Elevation, Crook House, 1984 53
16. Interior Panel Door, Crook House, 1984 57
17. Interior Window Trim, Crook House, 1984 57
18. English Camp, ca. 1910 60
19. English Camp, ca. 1880 61
20. English Camp, ca. 1885 61
21. English Camp, ca. 1895 63
22. East Elevation of Masonry Ruins and Company Mess 63
23. Crook Orchard in Royal Marine's Parade Ground, 1908 65
24. Crook Sheep in Parade Ground, ca. 1915 65
25. English Camp Site Plan 70
26. West Elevation, Crook House 72
27. South Elevation, Crook House 72
28. North Elevation, Crook House 73
29. North Elevation, Crook House 73
30. West Elevation, Crook House 76
31. South Elevation, Crook House 77
32. East Elevation, Crook House 78
33. North Elevation, Crook House 79
34. Crook House Foundation, West End Under Porch, 1984 82
35. Crook House Foundation,
Notch in Log Girder for Original Post, 1984 82
36. Beaded Board Ceiling of Second Floor Porch, 1984 85
37. Crook House Porch, 1984 85
38. West Porch Steps of Crook House, 1984 86
39. Deteriorated First Floor Porch Deck, 1984 86
40. Temporary Bracing for Southwest Corner Porch Column, 1984 88
41. Deteriorated Skirting Under Rotted Porch Deck, 1984 88
42. Second Floor Porch Railing, 1984 88
43. Northwest Corner of Crook House Porch, 1984 89
44. Bevel Edge Shiplap Siding and Tl-11 Skirting, 1984 89
45. Gable Roof on East Side of Crook House, 1984 91
46. Crook House Addition, 1984 91
47. Chimney on Unfinished West Wall
of Bedroom #3 in Crook House, 1984 93
48. Bedroom #4 of Crook House, 1984 93
49. Unfinished Interior of Bedroom #4, 1984 95
50. Crook House Staircase, 1984 95
51. First Floor Plan, Crook House 97
52. Second Floor Plan, Crook House 100
53. Recommended Site Development 116
54. Recommended Building Development, First Floor 120
55. Recommended Building Development, Second Floor 121
56. General Rehabilitation Notes, First Floor 136
57. General Rehabilitation Notes, Second Floor 137
Introduction
This Historic Structures Report will be the basis for the preparation
of construction documents and compliance requirements for the adaptive
re-use of the Crook House. Since the facility appears to qualify for the
National Register of Historic Places, special consideration must be given
to any proposed work at the site in order to protect historically
significant elements. This report defines these elements and provides
recommendations for their preservation. The report outlines building and
site deficiencies that must be addressed as part of the total
rehabilitation project, and provides recommendations for correcting these
deficiencies. The report and accompanying drawings and notes have been
prepared to aid professionals involved in immediate and future planning at
the house, and to serve as a record documentation of the facility.
This report was prepared by the Cultural Resources Division, Pacific
Northwest Region, National Park Service; information was provided by San
1
Juan Island National Historical Park staff and planning personnel from
the Pacific Northwest Region of the National Park Service.
PART ONE
BACKGROUND
Administrative Data
List of Classified Structures
Crook Farm Group: Crook House, LCS #101-1
Management Category C: Structures that may be preserved and maintained
Proposed Use: Adaptive re-use--visitor information center, exhibit space,
park staff office and curatorial storage
Planning Documents
Documents proposing treatment and use of the structure, cooperative
agreements, and other documents bearing on the proposed management,
furnishing, and use of the structure.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Report on San
Juan Island Investigation , by E. Davidson, R. Bond, J. Lewis, 1937.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan Island
National Historical Park, Washington: A Proposal , by Charles Brown, John
Doerr, John Hussey, et. al. San Francisco: Western Regional Office,
National Park Service, March, 1964.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan Island
National Historical Park, Washington: A Master Plan , by Richard W.
Barnett, et. al. San Francisco: San Francisco Service Center, National
Park Service, 1968.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Interpretive
Prospectus, San Juan Island National Historical Park , 1971.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Resource Study, San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington , by
Erwin Thompson. Denver, Colorado: Denver Service Center, National Park
Service, 1972.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Classified
Structure Field Inventory Re
Park, by Harold LaFleur, 197
Structure Field Inventory Report, San Juan Island National Historical
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Statement for
Management, San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington .
Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National Park
Service, 1976.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Environmental
Assessment: Proposed General Management Plan, San Juan Island National
Historical Park . Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional
Office, National Park Service, 1977.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. General
Management Plan, San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington , by
Don Campbell, et. al . T979T
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Resource
Management Plan and Environmental Assessment, Revision of 1979 General
Management Plan, San Juan Island National Historical Park . Seattle,
Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National Park Service,
1982.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Crook House
Adaptive Use, Development/Study Package Proposal, San Juan Island
National Park, Washington, Form 10-238 , by Frank Hastings. San Juan
Island, Washington: San Juan Island National Historical Park, National
Park Service, 1984.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan Island
National Historical Park Interpretive Prospectus . Harpers Ferry, West
Virginia: Harpers Ferry Center, National Park Service, 1984.
Justification of Proposed Treatment
With reference to applicable criteria in National Park Service
"Management Policies," NPS-28, "Cultural Resource Management Guidelines,"
and the characteristics and limitations of the resource.
The Development/Study Package Proposal, "Crook House Adaptive Use,"
NPS form 10-238 dated February 1984, proposes an adaptive rehabilitation
of the Crook House to serve as a central point for visitors to English
Camp. The 1984 Interpretive Prospectus recommends the adaptive re-use of
the Crook House, in its present location, as the English Camp visitor
contact facility, including an information lobby, exhibit area, and
curatorial storage. This proposal is a compatible function for the
building, and enhances its continuing presence in the park, thus
preserving a structure believed to be eligible for the National Register
of Historic Places and of significance to the local community.
Since it is believed the Crook House qualifies for the National
Register, any proposed work at the facility will require compliance with
applicable regulations implementing the National Historic Preservation
Act of 1966, as amended. Under Section 106 of this Act, comments of the
Washington State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council
on Historic Preservation must be sought before carrying out any work
affecting the facility's historic resources. Compliance with procedures
established by NPS-28, "Cultural Resource Management Guidelines," is also
required. In addition, all work must meet the standards established by
the Life Safety Code as contained in sub-part E of 29 CFR 1910.
Recommended Changes in Proposed Treatment and Use of the Structure
Based on the degree of documentary physical evidence, the condition
of the structure and other professional findings in the completed
analysis section:
Analysis of the structure under consideration, as documented in this
report, supports rehabilitation of the facility. Structural
7
rehabilitation is required to correct water and moisture damage occuring
at the porch, roof, and eaves. Electrical and mechanical equipment needs
updating to meet code requirements, and thermal and moisture protection
need to be installed. Other deficiencies are discussed in the report.
It is necessary to design building improvements meeting the
functional requirements necessary for safe public use. Further, it is
important to repair or replace in-kind historic architectural features to
maintain historical integrity of the facility.
Recommendations for Documentation
Recommendations for the documentation, cataloging, conservation and
storage of any objects, documents, records, photographs, negatives, and
tapes collected or produced as a result of this study:
This document will be sent to all parties on the Standard
Distribution List of the Cultural Resources Division of the Pacific
Northwest Regional Office of the National Park Service (Appendix E).
All material and documents produced as a result of this report will
be kept in an archival depository at the University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington. In addition, copies of all documentation will be
transmitted to the Historic American Buildings Survey collections at the
Library of Congress.
Geographic and Natural Setting
The San Juan Gulf Islands archipelago is located in the confluence
of the Strait of Juan de Fuca and the Strait of Georgia, midway between
Seattle, Washington, and Victoria, British Columbia. Visible tops of
submerged mountains, the 172 islands of the chain vary in size and
terrain, from small, barren outcrops to forested and cultivated islands
up to fifty-six square miles in size. Situated in the rainshadow of the
Olympic Peninsula and Vancouver Island, the archipelago's average annual
rainfall is less than the region's as a whole, generally fifteen to
twenty-nine inches per year. Temperatures are moderate, with foggy, warm
summers and cool winters. The islands e^re accessible only by air and
water.
San Juan Island National Historical Park encompasses two different
environs on opposite ends of San Juan Island--the second largest island
of the San Juan chain. The park covers 1,752 acres, with 1,223 acres
9
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San Juan Island National Historical Park
VICINITY MAP
FIGURE 3
MILES
12 3 4
within American Camp on the southern, windswept end of the island, and
529 acres in English Camp, eight miles northwest of Friday Harbor on the
tree-sheltered cove of Garrison Bay. The Crook House is located on a
knoll overlooking the remains of the British garrison, and the bay
beyond. In addition to the natural edge formed by Garrison and Wescott
bays on the west, English Camp's boundaries are roughly marked by Bell
Point to the north, and the 650-foot Young Hill on the east. The
southern boundary extends almost due east from the southernmost end of
Garrison Bay. Vehicular access is via a paved county road.
San Juan Island is 14 1/2 miles long and 6 1/2 miles across at its
widest point. Like others in the group, this island consists of
metamorphosed sedimentary rocks, with glacial deposits from at least two
advances. The north end, where the Crook House is located, is covered
with glacial drift, and the south end, the site of American Camp, is
covered with glacial till. The gently sloping terrain of the island is
interrupted by Mount Dallas at 1,036 feet; Mount Finlayson, a 290-foot
gravel morrain situated on the wind-swept south, and Young Hill, which
rises 650 feet above the sea level on the northwest. Rock, gravel, and
silt loam cover most of the area, with occasional rock outcrops.
English Camp is situated in a "dry belt" on the island, with an
average rainfall of about twenty-five inches per year, which creates a
set of micro-environments different from those in topographically similar
areas nearby. The northern two-thirds of the island is heavily forested
with second-growth Douglas fir, western red cedar, and other conifers and
various deciduous trees, including red alder and bigleaf maple. Logging
and major burns in the latter half of the nineteenth and early part of
the twentieth centuries have virtually eliminated old-growth forest. The
12
forest understory species include snowberry, wild rose, salal and
hawthorn. Grasses and sedges grow in small meadows and grasslands in
and around the camp.
Clams and other bivalves live in mud and gravel flats along Garrison
Bay; migratory water fowl stop in salt water marshes in the region;
flounder and dogfish occupy eel grass areas in the vicinity; and sea
mammals feed on salmon near the bay reefs. Black tailed deer and
raccoons live in the English Camp area forests, and the endangered bald
eagle is one of some half-dozen raptor species that breed on the island.
In the 1880s European rabbits were released on the islands by settlers,
ultimately causing a conspicuous impact on vegetation and soils; in 1980
the rabbit population began a precipitous decline for reasons still not
entirely clear. Wild turkeys were introduced to the island in the early
1970s.
13
PART TWO
HISTORY
Context
The cove formed by Garrison Bay on the northeast end of San Juan
Island has been the site of human habitation for thousands of years.
Archeological excavations have unearthed prehistoric artifacts,
structures, and remains associated with Native American cultures
extending back as far as 1300 B.C., and origin myths of several Puget
Sound tribes place their source as a people in the cove area. Remains of
a longhouse attest to the cove's location as a winter village, and tools
and other artifacts provide evidence characteristic of a maritime
economy. Within the historic period, the Lummi , part of a larger
cultural group of Sound Indians, the Salish, are most frequently
connected to the site. In 1858 geologist George Gibbs noted ". . . the
whole inside of North Eastern part of San Juan formerly belonged to a
tribe kindered to the Lummies and now extinct."
17
As part of that vast territory known as Oregon Country, the San Juan
Islands came under the dominion of the powerful Hudson's Bay Company,
which grew rapidly after its union with its former competitor, the North
West Company, in 1821. In July 1845, two years after establishing Fort
Victoria on Vancouver Island, Hudson's Bay officials formally took
possession of San Juan. In the early 1850s the company established a
seasonal fishing station on the island, and in 1853 Charles Griffin was
sent to establish a permanent sheep farm which he called Bellevue.
After the War of 1812, the question of British and American hegemony
in the Pacific Northwest became the subject of negotiations between the
two powers. In 1818 the countries agreed that the region west of the
Rocky Mountains was to be "free and open" for a ten-year period, allowing
joint access and use of the lands. Negotiations over sovereignty of the
area continued for more than twenty years, while the "joint occupancy"
agreement was extended indefinitely. In the meantime, the Hudson's Bay
Company continued to establish posts and farms, even as American
missionaries, traders, and settlers increased their presence in the
region. In 1846 Great Britain and the United States settled on the 49th
North Parallel as the western boundary between Canada and the U.S.: all
of Vancouver Island would remain British, and the boundary between it and
the mainland would be "the middle of the channel which separates the
continent from Vancouver's Island. "^
'Erwin Thompson, Historic Resource Study: San Juan Island National
Historic Park, Washington (Denver Service Center: National Park Service,
U. S. Department of the Interior, 1972), p. 13. Gibbs was making a
geological reconnaissance of San Juan Island as part of his duties on the
American Boundary Commission.
2 Ibid., p.l.
IS
1M
The question of which of two major channels--Canal de Haro or
Rosario--was "the" channel to which the treaty referred was disputed for
over twenty-five years. Between these two straits were the San Juan
Islands.
By the early 1850s the British colonial government, through the
Hudson's Bay Company, and the newly-established U.S. Territory of
Washington both laid claim to the islands. In 1854 Colonel Isaac Ebey,
the U.S. Collector of Customs for the Puget Sound area, sent Henry Webber
to the San Juan Island to inventory and collect taxes on the Company's
sheep, the first of three U.S. county officials to take up residence on
the island that yedr.
Despite disputes over taxes, British and Americans co-existed fairly
peacefully on the island, cooperating during skirmishes with Indians who
periodically sent raiding parties south from British Columbia. In 1856
the United States and Great Britain appointed a boundary commission to
survey the 49th Parallel and to attempt to find a solution to the water
boundary issue. The survey progressed throughout 1857, although the
commission was deadlocked on the water boundary issue.
News of the discovery of gold on Canada's Fraser River in 1857
brought an influx of adventurers, primarily American, to the north
boundary area. In 1859 a group hired a surveyor to go to San Juan to lay
out claims, and by June of that year about twenty-five Americans were
living on the island. On June 15 Lyman Cutler, whose claim lay closest
to the Hudson's Bay Company farm, Bellevue, shot and killed a Company pig
rooting in his potato patch. 3
3 Ibid., p. 14.
20
Disagreement between the British and American authorities over the
pig's replacement costs, and exaggerated accounts of the attendant
incidents aggravated American hostilities towards the British.
Ostensibly in response to a petition from settlers on the island asking
for protection from Indians, Brigadier General William Harney, commanding
general of the U.S. Army's Department of Oregon, ordered American troops
to the island. They landed on the south end of San Juan Island on July
27, 1859. In response, the British sent three naval ships to Griffin
Bay, and formal protests and charges were exchanged. An uneasy peace,
charged with tension, was maintained while communications between
Victoria and London, Washington Territory and Washington, D.C., and San
Juan Island and Victoria made their way through official channels.
President James Buchanan dispatched General Winfield Scott to resolve the
crisis. Scott arrived in Fort Vancouver on October 20, 1857, and
negotiated a settlement with Governor James Douglas of British Columbia
by which the island would be jointly occupied by British and American
troops--100 troops from each nation--to protect the nationals of both
countries. In March of 1860 the British Royal Marines landed on the
shore of Garrison Bay under the command of Captain George Bazalgette.
They were to stay on the island until November 2, 1872, almost a month to
the day after Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, the arbiter of the boundary
dispute, awarded the San Juan Islands to the United States.
English Camp Structures
Second Lieutenant Fred Epstein, head of the American troops sent to
guard the abandoned English Camp buildings in 1872, prepared a report on
seventeen buildings he received. His superior, First Lieutenant James
21
Haughey, wrote a more detailed report which he forwarded to the
Department of the Columbia in early December. In January of 1875, A. E.
Alden was appointed master agent in charge of both posts, and he listed
the structures for which he had become caretaker. The 1874 survey by
Major Micheler included a map of the camp, which showed twenty-seven
structures.
The structures were arrayed in a series of somewhat axial
relationships to the bay and the topography of the cove. Apparently the
first structure built was a frame storehouse for which the materials were
requisitioned before the Marines left for the island in March of 1860.
With the exception of the log blockhouse or guardhouse on the shore of
Garrison Bay, most structures appear to have been frame buildings with
horizontal board siding, some with paneled doors and six-over-six
windows. Other documented pre-1868 buildings included a storehouse,
surgeon's quarters, officers' mess, barracks, single subaltern's
quarters, a stable and storehouse, and dock structures.
After the arrival of a new garrison commander, Captain William
Delacombe, in June 1867, a new cottage for the commanding officer and his
family was built. A new house was also constructed for the married
subaltern, and repairs and alterations were made to the single
subaltern's house, the barracks, storehouse, and guardhouse. Other
buildings on the site included wash and bath houses, a blacksmith shop,
an officers' mess, a messhouse, a sawmill, two sentry boxes, a school and
library, and several additional structures, including a formal garden and
ubid., pp. 199-240. Detailed descriptions of the structures are
located in Chapter 6; historic photographs, collection of American Camp
files, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
22
flagstaff. A number of accounts by nineteenth-century visitors to the
camp noted the neatness and cleanliness of the garrison and the beauty of
the setting.
Civilian Settlement
Approximately twenty-five people were living on the island when
American troops landed in 1859, most of them "squatting" near the south
end of the island. In August of 1859 The British Colonist , a Victoria
newspaper, noted that "some six American squatters" were living on the
5
north end of the island. During the 1860s, the civilian population
grew slowly, comprised mostly of men who either established preemptive
homestead claims or who lived in San Juan Village, located near the
Hudson's Bay Company wharf. A number of these were would-be miners,
returned from the Fraser River gold fields. Until the middle of the
decade, civil-military relations were strained, primarily in the American
Camp vicinity where certain settlers and entrepreneurs persisted in
challenging American military authority, including attempts to regulate
their sale of liquor to soldiers and Indians. In 1868 the U.S. District
Court in Port Townsend settled the issue, determining that San Juan
Island was under military rule. The English Camp commanders seem to have
enjoyed relatively undisputed control of civilian affairs of citizens
claiming British protection. Issues involving citizens of both
nationalities were handled jointly by American and British military
authorities .
^Thompson, Historic Resource Study , p. 226.
23
Throughout the 1860s, excursionists from Victoria visited the
island, joining in both American and British holiday celebrations
sponsored by the garrisons: picnics, suppers and dances, and horseraces
were part of the social activities of the island during the joint
occupation. Prior to the boundary decision, settlers were in the unique
position of not having to pay taxes or other property assessments.
One hundred and eighty-four adult males lived in the islands in
1870, excluding the military garrisons, according to the 1870 census;
ninety-six of these lived on San Juan. Approximately twice as many
British-born settlers claimed American citizenship as those who did not.
Sheep raising and farming were accounted successful activities in an 1876
report. Just prior to British withdrawal in 1872, forty-six British
settlers on the island had submitted a petition requesting the English
Camp commander to stay on San Juan and protect their interests. But by
1873 a special U.S. commissioner sent to settle outstanding British
o
claims reported he found all had become American citizens.
In 1874 the island was surveyed by the Surveyor General's office in
Olympia, Washington, after which settlers filed formal claims to the land
on San Juan. English Camp, surveyed in the fall, fell in Sections 25 and
26 of Township 36 North, Range 4 West. The survey field notes indicate
the camp was still owned by the United States, and the plat map noted the
6 Ibid., p. 105.
'Elwood, Evans, Washington Territory: Her Past, Her Present and
the Elements of Wealth Which Ensure Her Future (Olympia, WA: C.B. Bagley,
1877; reprint ed., Seattle, WA: Shorey Book Store, 1966), passim; Keith
Murray, The Pig War (Tacoma: Washington State Historical Society, April
1968), p. 67; Thompson, Historic Resource Study , pp. 195-196.
^Thompson, Historic Resource Study , p. 196.
24
location of the English Garrison. The closest farms to the camp belonged
to August Hoffmeister, the past's former sutler, and to an R. Pritchard.
In January of 1876, English-born William Crook purchased the land and
structures of English Camp.
Ten years later, San Juan Island had a population of 536: 302 men
and 234 women. Most settlers were farmers, but a large number of men
described themselves as fishermen and laborers. Many settlers were born
in Great Britain, Canada or the United States, but the island also had a
fairly high proportion of settlers born in other European countries.
g
One-third of the total archipelago's population was American Indian.
San Juan Village, which grew from a small collection of tents near
American Camp on the south end of San Juan Island, was the hub of island
life for a few short decades. After the area of Friday Harbor was
designated the new county seat in the early 1870s, the village was
abandoned, and in 1890 the few remaining buildings on the site burned.
By 1900 Friday Harbor, the new island center, was a thriving village with
a population of between three and four hundred, a salmon cannery, wharves
and warehouses, and a telephone system.
At the turn of the century three thousand people lived on the
islands. Agriculture and fishing were primary industries, and San Juan
Island boasted a lime manufacturing plant at Roche Harbor, north of
English Camp. Steamers connected the islands to the mainland.
^Washington, Washington Territorial Auditor's Office, Census Roll ,
1885.
25
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26
The Crook Family
William Crook purchased the land on which the English Camp
structures stood on January 5, 1876. He and his young family had finally
reached the end of a long cross-country journey via ox-drawn wagon, which
had lasted at least four years. A house carpenter by training, Crook was
looking for land to settle, apparently lured west by accounts of the
Puget Sound area.
Family tradition claims Crook arrived in the United States in 1856,
when he landed in New Orleans. He was born in Yorkshire, England on
1 Interview with Rhoda Crook Anderson by Carl Stoddard, Tape in
Collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park, 18 February 1970;
interview with Mary Crook Davis by Newland, Washington Emergency Relief
Administration, Everett, Washington, xeroxed notes in Collection of San
Juan Island National Historical Park, 27 July 1936. Both of Crook's
daughters remarked on their father's desire to settle in Puget Sound.
Rhoda claimed her father had read about Puget Sound before arriving in
America. Mary said her father wanted to locate next to salt water, and
that he refused to stop traveling until the family reached the coast.
27
November 27, 1837, the son of James and Mary Crook. James, too, was a
carpenter and a draftsman of no little skill. It is unclear whether
William's parents accompanied him on his voyage to the United States, but
there is no doubt his father was in North America by the 1860s, drafting
and perhaps designing structures in Ontario, Canada. A brother, John,
2
may have emigrated with the family.
By 1867 William and James were in Ontario, where James designed at
least part of the Presbyterian Church in Seaforth. It is most likely
that there William met his future wife, Mary Forrest, a Scottish
immigrant born in 1835. Sometime in the late 1860s, probably 1869,
William and Mary began their trek west. James stayed in Ontario until at
least 1871. One family member said William was hired to build houses in
various places as the Crooks traveled west, which may account for the
length of time it took them to reach Washington. The Crooks' first
daughter, Mary, was born in Fremont, Nebraska Territory, on June 6,
1871. After her birth the Crooks presumably picked up the Oregon Trail
west of Fremont, and traveled on it as far as Fort Bridger, Wyoming. For
some reason, rather than heading north on the trail through Idaho, the
family continued west to the town of Evanston, Wyoming, where a second
child, James, was born on September 29, 1873. The family apparently
^William Filbey and Mary K. Meyer, eds., Passenger and Immigration
Lists Index , Vol. 1, A-G, (Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Co., 1981).
Secondary accounts of Crook's arrival in the U.S. say he was sixteen
years old when he landed in 1856: since his birth date is verifiably
1837, either the date of his arrival or his reported age upon arrival is
wrong. Since the 1900 census reports his date of arrival as 1856, most
likely his age was reported erroneously. There are no reported records
of passengers from Great Britain--or any other European country—arriving
in New Orleans in the 1850s. However, a William, John, and James Crook
all participated in the Aliens Declaration of Intention and Oath of
Allegiance in 1860 in the Superior Court of Pennsylvania.
28
rejoined the primary route of the Oregon Trail through Idaho and then the
3
secondary route to Walla Walla, Washington.
According to the Crooks' youngest daughter, Rhoda, her father first
heard of English Camp from a Major Blake, whom she said the family met on
the Oregon Trail. In this story, Blake told Crook to travel to Olympia
and inquire about routes to the San Juan Islands. Rhoda said the family
arrived on San Juan Island--via a schooner from 01ympia--in 1874. In
1936 daughter Mary, then in late middle age, claimed the family followed
the Oregon Trail to Olympia, Washington, and then took a schooner to
American Camp on San Juan Island, arriving in 1876. The son, James, said
he was two years old when the family arrived on the island, making the
4
date late in 1875.
In November of 1875 Crook and his family settled on the English Camp
site, with the intent to claim the land under the homestead land laws.
According to Rhoda, they found the buildings in "perfect condition."
Rhoda also said a caretaker on the property—possibly Alden—told Crook
he could not buy the land because it belonged to the government, but her
father, she said, went to Olympia and was told by an official there that
he could file a homestead claim and take possession. Possession
evidently referred to the land, and not the buildings, because on
^Drawings of "Additions to Moorehouses Dwelling, Goderich,
Canada," dates 1871 and signed by "J. Crook, arch.," are in the
collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park; Information on
birth dates and locations are taken from a list of family births and
deaths in an autograph album belonging to James Crook (the son), dated
1888, in the collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park; the
Walla Walla route was described by Rhoda Crook Anderson in the interview
by Stoddard, 18 February 1970.
^Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard, 18 February 1970;
Mary Crook Davis interview by Newland, 27 July 1936; Thompson, Historic
Resource Study , p. 209.
29
November 24, 1875, the buildings formerly occupied by the British troops
were auctioned by the Office of the Chief Quartermaster of the Department
of the Columbia. A total of ". . . in all about 15 buildings" were
advertised for auction, and records have survived on the sale of two of
them--the Captain's house and the Subaltern's house, both of which were
purchased by a John Izett for a Henry Webster. Crook and a number of
other San Juan Islanders were present at the sale, including a Major E.W.
Blake. 5
Blake said in a later law suit over the Captain's and Subaltern's
houses, involving Crook and Webster, that he had ". . . aided Mr. Crook
in getting there to English Camp and showed him the place, and I had
intended to take the place myself as a homestead, but I gave way and
permitted him and his family to take the place." In exchange for this
aid and "consideration," Mr. Blake understood that he was to purchase and
"have the Captain's and Lieutenant's quarters and the hill on which they
were situated . . . about five acres was mentioned and estimated as the
area to be included." Crook, according to Blake, was under obligation to
him. In Crook's later testimony during the same hearing, he agreed that
Major Blake was to buy the buildings "as his own," but stated "There was
no amount of land ever mentioned that Major Blake was to have title
to." 7
^Washington, Jefferson County Clerk Third Territorial District
Court, Territorial Case File, File #195, Findings of Referee , 30 June,
1879. Washington State Archives Regional Center, Bellingham,
Washington. File 195, Series 2, Box 3.
^Ibid., Evidence Taken by Referee , p. 16.
7 Ibi d . , pp. 12, 16, 17, 39.
30
There are no known records showing the disposition of the other
buildings auctioned that day, nor any indication whether Crook bid on and
purchased the extant bui ldings--the log blockhouse, the storehouse, or
the barracks--or any others that are seen in historic photos dating from
the Crook period. The hospital building, now restored at English Camp,
was apparently purchased and later moved to Peter Lawson's farm, about
three miles from the camp site. Crook may have purchased the other
buildings, or may have assumed ownership because no one else bid on
them. On January 6, 1876, Crook filed his application to enter Sections
25 and 26 as his homestead under the Homestead Law at the U. S. District
Land Office at Olympia, Washington Territory.
At the time of the auction the Crooks were living on the land, but
it is not clear which building--if any--they first occupied. In 1956 son
Jim told an interviewer the family first lived in the barracks building,
but daughter Rhoda said the family first lived in the "Lieutenant's
house," which is where she was born on February 29, 1880.
Testimony in the 1879 lawsuit indicates the Crooks took possession
of and lived in the disputed Lieutenant's (Subaltern's) house beginning
September 1, 1878. It is possible, then, that the family first lived in
a barracks building: there were two extant in 1875, both in "fair
condition," although only one survives today. The family most likely
moved directly from the barracks into the Lieutenant's house, located on
a terrace east and slightly south of the formal gardens. The house had
been built in 1867, a 36-by-32-foot frame building with six rooms, a
kitchen, and a pantry. 8
^Frank Lynch, "The Old Blockhouse at English Camp," Seattle Post
Intelligencer, 29 August 1956, n.p.; Thompson, Historic Resource Study ,
p. 217.
31
The move coincides to the day with the event that sparked the
lawsuit--an attempt by Webster to sell the Captain's house and the
Lieutenant's house to a Mr. Timothy Flynn. Crook refused to allow Flynn
and Webster's lawyer possession of the house. On March 4, 1879, Crook,
Webster, and their attorneys went to court in Port Townsend. The essence
of the suit was Crook's refusal to acknowledge Webster's ownership of the
two structures. He agreed Webster had purchased the buildings during the
auction—or rather, he agreed that Webster's agent, John Izett, had
purchased the buildings. However, he claimed, the terms of the sale for
all the buildings auctioned required their removal from his land within
thirty--l ater sixty—days, and that failure to remove the structures
meant he gained possession of them. In March of 1878 Crook told Webster
to remove the buildings within sixty days or he would claim them: Webster
did not respond until September, when he told Flynn he would sell him the
buildings for $500. The Crooks moved into the building the same day
Webster apparently struck the bargain with Flynn. Because Crook had
agreed to maintain the buildings for a period of months, for which he was
partially paid, and because of conflicting testimony and
misunderstandings, and Webster's claim of a loss of $500, the case was
brought to court. Ultimately, the referee in the matter, C. H. Hanford,
found in favor of Crook. Webster's lawyers appealed. The final decree
in the matter, filed September 15, 1879, awarded Webster a sum of $240.
9
Crook retained title to the houses.
According to Rhoda, the family later moved into the "library"
building, apparently located on the upper terrace, south of the
^Third Territorial District Court, File #195, passii
32
"blacksmith's shop" whose masonry ruin is extant. Since the building is
no longer there, and records are not clear, it is only possible to state
that the building may have been a 36-by-20-foot structure, third to the
west of a row of four structures which ran on a westerly axis on the
uppermost terrace where the Crook house now sits. Rhoda said the family
later moved into the barracks building--the one still extant--which Crook
"fixed up" by building a new fireplace and moving or adding interior
walls to create a living room. Evidence found prior to reconstruction of
the building supports her claim of alterations to the structure.
Mary Crook Davis, four or five years old when the family arrived on
San Juan Island, remembered that most settlers lived in two-room log
structures, furnished with hand-made items. Most people, she said,
traded produce and game for manufactured items, such as cloth. Food
included island game, particularly deer, ducks and geese. A trip to the
nearest store--first San Juan Village, and later, Friday Harbor, was an
all-day affair via wagon or horseback. Her father, she said, planted
grain in the fields cleared by the Marines, and fruit trees—primarily
cherries and apples — in the old Marine parade ground.
In 1880 San Juan County assessed William for $990 worth of personal
property, but no assessment was levied on his land for improvements. In
1883--the year his patent was recorded for Lot 1 and the Southwest
quarter of the Northwest quarter of Section 25, and Lots 1, 11, 12 and 13
of Section 26 in Township 36 North, Range 4 West--a total of 161 85/100
'°Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard, 18 February 1970; A.
Lewis Koue and Erwin Thompson, English Camp: San Juan Island National
Historical Park; Historic Structures Report, Part 1 (Washington, D.C.:
National Park Service, Division of History, 1969), pp. 21-23.
''Mary Crook Davis interview by Newland, 27 July 1936.
33
acres--he was paying taxes on $250 worth of land, $300 worth of
improvements, and $189 of personal property. Ten acres of the 161 were
12
recorded as "improved."
By 1880, when the Crooks' third and final child, Rhoda, was born,
William's father, James, had arrived on San Juan and was living next door
to the family. There is no record of which structure he lived in, nor do
recorded interviews with the family mention him. Rhoda, in later years,
mentioned her Uncle John, saying he was a bachelor who lived in the
Captain's house and arrived "years" after her father came to the island,
but her grandfather is not mentioned. James, whose wife, Mary, had died
in 1868, homesteaded the east half of the Northwest quarter of Section
25, a total of 80 acres, adjoining his son's claim. His patent was
recorded in May 1885. Some long-time residents claim William and his
brother, John, made elaborately carved furniture for the house, and also
13
built caskets for sale to island residents.
In 1880 William Crook still identified himself as a house carpenter,
and his daughter, Rhoda, claimed he ". . . didn't care much for
farming . . ." and pursued his trade by building "most of the" houses on
San Juan. While this is possible, it seems full-time homesteading would
have left little time for carpentry beyond the scattered structures he
erected on his own homestead. Also, daughter Mary indicated her father
gave up carpentry for farming and raising fruit and grain.
^ San Juan County Real Property Assessment and Tax Rolls
(Washington: Assessor's Office, San Juan County, 1881, 1882, 1883).
Washington State Archives Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington.
^U.S., Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census, Tenth Census of
Population (1880); interview with Etta Egeland by Patricia Erigero, 27
June 1984. Some of the furniture is now in possession of the San Juan
County Historical Society.
.'VI
On February 14, 1889, James Crook died intestate. William inherited
his eighty acres, which included fencing, valued at $250, and several
buildings, valued at $75. In 1892 the family had enough money to loan
$100 to neighbors, secured by land, and in conjunction with a neighbor in
1895, loaned $1,250 to another neighbor, again secured by land on the
island. Also in 1895, William and Mary sold Lot 1 of Section 26, a total
of 25 acres.
In 1895 William was assessed for a total of 152.75 acres in Section
25, and 41 acres in Section 26: Lot 3 in Section 26, consisting of 3
acres—the site of English Camp proper—was the only lot listing assessed
improvements, valued at $400. According to daughter Rhoda, Crook had
made use of most of the buildings on the site. She claimed her father
used both the blacksmith shop and the sawpit, situated near the
"library". She also indicated the blockhouse was used by the family for
storage, and that her father used the storehouse (commissary) as a shop
for building boats. She stated that he tore down the first barracks
building, and used the Captain's house, either during or after her uncle
John's stay there, as a metal shop. The Captain's house burned down in
1894, and Rhoda claimed the Lieutenant's house was also demolished by
fire, which must have occurred after her birth there in 1880. She also
noted her father was responsible for building the picket fences that
enclosed fields and orchards on the site.
In 1897 Mary, the eldest daughter, married Herbert H. Davis, whose
family had settled on Lopez Island in the San Juans in the early 1870s.
'^ Record of Mortgages (Washington: Auditor's Office, San Juan
County); Record of Ueeds~ TWashington: Auditor's Office, San Juan County);
Probate Records (Washington: Auditor's Office, San Juan County, 1891),
Washington State Archives Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington.
35
Davis, born in Michigan, made his living operating a series of steamers
and tugboats in the islands, including the tug "Roche Harbor," which was
owned by Roche Harbor Limeworks. The Davises lived with her parents
after their marriage, and in 1900 Davis took advantage of the dock
facilities at English Camp to rebuild one of his wrecked steamers, The
Pansy , which, with a new hull, was rechristened Mary D . Soon after the
turn of the century Rhoda married Fred Anderson, a chief engineer on the
Lydia Thompson , a mailboat operating on the Sound, and moved first to
Fairbanks, Alaska, and then to the mainland of Washington, where she
lived for over thirty years with her husband, who operated a steamer in
the Sound. James, the son, never married. On October 23, 1899,
15
William's wife, Mary, died.
In 1900 William purchased Lots 14 and 15 of Section 26, northwest of
English Camp. At the time the tax assessor recorded his ownership of two
horses, two cows, twenty sheep, a wagon, and $40 worth of furniture.
However, a daybook kept for the farm indicates he owned sixty-three ewes
and two rams in 1899. The family sold eggs, chickens, sheep, wool, and
fruit--in August 1899 they sold the Wirth store in Friday Harbor over 500
pounds of cherries, the price of which was applied to future grocery
purchases. In the 1900 census William referred to himself as a farmer,
not a house carpenter. On August 13, 1901, William died of a heart
attack while doing chores near his barn. In addition to his livestock
and land, he left some farm machinery to his children.
At the time of his father's death, Jim Crook was in his late
twenties, working as a laborer on the farm. He had been educated on the
'^Mary Crook Davis interview by Newland, 22 July 1936; San Juan
Islander , 25 January 1900, p. 3, and 1 March 1900, p. 3.
36
FIGURE 6 Mary Crook Davis, Jim Crook and Rhoda Crook Anderson, ca. 1900
Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
FIGURE 7 Carding machine built by Jim Crook, just prior to its removal to
the San Juan County Historical Society. Collection, San Juan Island Na-
tional Historical Park.
37
island, had lived there since he was two years old, and apparently only
made occasional trips to the mainland. All three children were joint
heirs to William's estate, which was settled in 1902, although in 1904
Rhoda and Mary signed a quit-claim deed to all the property in favor of
,. 16
Jim.
In 1900 Jim began construction of a two-story frame house, located
on a knoll overlooking the camp and Garrison Bay. why, after twenty plus
years of living in camp structures, a new house was built is something of
a mystery. One account claims Jim Crook "helped" his brother-in-law,
Herbert Davis, build the house. If this is so, it is possible that the
Davises wanted to build a house for the family they planned to have: in
fact, they had four children, none of whom survived childhood. The house
was completed in 1903. Long-time residents say both the Davises and Jim
occupied the house, but some stories claim Jim moved out and into the
barracks at some point during his long tenure on the farm. The house,
with its fairly generously-sized eight rooms plus kitchen wing, seems to
have been planned for a large family.
In the first few decades of the twentieth century the farm operated
from income derived from a variety of sources. In 1913 Jim recorded a
total of 136 sheep, some sold for meat and all sheared for their wool.
He made barrels, which he sold for ninety-five cents each to the Great
16 San Juan Islander , 20 September 1900, p. 3.
'^Khoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard, 18 February 1970;
Lucile McDonald, "Historic Acres to Be a State Park," The Seattle Times ,
15 December 1963, p. 7. Another story is that Crook bui It the house for
a mail-order bride who never showed up, or that he built it for a fiancee
who changed her mind. It is possible that William designed the house,
since he did not die until 1901, when the house was presumably under
construction.
3;.
Northern Fish Company. In 1921 he supplemented the farm income by
working on a road, possibly for the county. A number of outbuildings
began to appear around the meadow northwest of the house, reflecting farm
functions. These included two chicken houses, an existing smokehouse, a
garage, a sawmill, a granary, and several other structures. At some
point the English Camp barracks was converted to a barn. In 1902 James
purchased an additional forty-five acres—Lots 1 and 2 of Section 26,
which had a structure on it--on the south edge of Westcott Bay, north of
his holdings. By 1911 he owned a little over 272 acres, three horses,
four yearling cattle, sheep, a wagon, and a carriage, $35 in general
agricultural machinery and $120 worth of major agricultural equipment,
such as a threshing machine or hay press. He also had $50 worth of
"J o
boats, but as yet did not own an automobile.
Even as a youngster Jim tinkered with machinery, ". . . always
making something new, inventing something," an occupation he pursued
throughout his life. His sister Rhoda said their father used to lock up
his tools to keep his children away from them. One day, however, Jim
stole the key to the tool cabinet and proceeded to make a model
airplane. William found him working on it, and asked "What's that
thing?" When Jim told him, his father said "Have you lost your senses?"
The ill-fated craft was thrown out, and, according to Rhoda, ". . . that
settled that." Much later Jim told journalist Frank Lynch he ". . . had
an idea for a flying machine—never did have the money to develop it.
'°Crook Day Book, Collection of San Juan County Historical
Society, ca. 1890-1927; San Juan County Real Property Assessment and Tax
Rolls, 1905, 1911; San Juan County Personal Property Assessment Roll,
73057 1910.
3'_<
HftriHgf
FIGURE 8 Jim Crook with homemade wool suit, ca. 1945.
Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
40
Then the Wright brothers came out with something very much like I had in
19
mind myself."
Crook has also been credited with building boats. In 1970 two half
models of boats were found under the barracks building, one of which was
stamped with "J. Crook." The models, built between 1890 and 1940, were
apparently used by Crook to construct full-scale boats, and were of a
design common to the islands in the years between 1901 and 1916. Jim may
have picked up his boatbuilding skills from his father, whom his sister
20
claimed had built a catamaran of juniper wood.
Jim began to tinker with the machinery he used on the farm,
modifying their operation to perform different tasks than called for in
their original design. He would not, according to Rhoda, give up on an
invention ". . . until he got it right." He designed and built the
sawmill, and claimed to have made everything in it ". . . but the saw and
the wheels for the carriage." He altered a tractor so he could rake hay
while operating the tractor. He built a loom—he said he got the idea
from a book—and a spinning machine and spool rack, and a
twenty-foot-long, two-ton carding machine from a manure spreader's
wheels, dried steer hide, homemade gears and chains, and the wood of
various trees, all powered by a belt connected to a tractor. From these
inventions he made his own clothes from the wool of his own sheep. Other
Crook-created items ranged from a simple system of iron pipes and slats
l^Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard; Lynch, "Old
Blockhouse. "
^Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard; Kenady, Stephen,
"Small Craft Half Models from English Camp," in San Juan Archaeology , ed
Roderick Sprague, vol. 1 (Moscow, Idaho: Laboratory of Anthropology,
University of Idaho, 1983), pp. 189-196.
41
to train pea vines, to a pulley system in the house which would
automatically make his bed. One piece of machinery found after his death
was an Essex automobile which had been converted into a power cut-off
21
saw. As he put it, "I've always had a mind for inventions . . ."
Sometime around 1913 "an Englishman" arrived in English Camp, asking
to see the graves of Royal Marines buried on Mount Young in the 1860s.
According to Crook, as a result of the visit and subsequent letters to
England, he was hired to care for the cemetery at ten dollars per year,
which, he said, consisted of raking leaves, mowing the grass, and
building a protective fence and stile. This was one of the first actions
taken by the Crooks to begin to preserve the English Camp site and share
it with the public. Visitors to the site gradually increased: in 1956
Mary Davis told a reporter she would guide up to 100 visitors each day,
curious about the story of English Camp. In 1956 Royal Canadian Navy
officers made an official visit to English Camp and the graves on Mount
Young. Several years later another contingent of the Royal Canadian Navy
landed at English Camp to repair the gravesite and hold a brief service,
after which Crook was presented with the Red Ensign by Canadian
Lieutenant Commander William Walker. Crook apparently did some
maintenance work on the English Camp buildings: in the late 1950s he
re-shingled the blockhouse roof.
21 Lynch, "Old Blockhouse"; Photo Inventory of Crook Artifacts,
Collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park.
"Frank Lynch, "A Bit of British Soil on San Juan," Seattle
Post-Intel ligencer , 30 August, 1956, n.p.; "James Crook Receives Red
Ensign at Ceremony," unidentified newscl ipping, collection of San Juan
Island National Historical Park.
42
Jim and his sister, Mary, lived in the Crook house until Mary's
death in an automobile accident in 1959. Mary, by then a widow, had kept
a brief journal of her activities during the 1940s, offering some insight
into daily life on the farm. Her daily notes include a weather log, and
a description of her weekly chores, such as laundry and house
cleaning — during the winter the laundry was hung in the house to dry.
References to "brother J" include mention of his fishing expeditions in
the straits, cutting hay in the summer, and other farm chores.
Occasional references are made to sick farm animals and frequent trips by
Mary to Friday Harbor and Roche Harbor, where she visited friends,
shopped, and attended Eastern Star and other organizations to which she
belonged. No note is ever made of Jim accompanying her on her social
outings. Her diary also frequently notes sightseers to the camp, and an
occasional hope that visitors wouldn't show up, particularly on cold
winter days. Both Mary and Jim "loved" the farm, according to their
sister, Rhoda Anderson, who also said Jim had many opportunities to sell
the property, but always decided there was no other place he would rather
,. 23
live.
In 1960 eighty-year-old sister Rhoda, then a widow for more than
twenty years, arrived at the farm to "take care" of her brother, Jim, age
87, who was suffering from a crippling arthritis which required him to
use canes to walk. In 1963 Jim and Rhoda transferred ownership of over
100 acres, including the English Camp site, to the Washington State Parks
and Recreation Commission, several months after Senator Henry Jackson
"Mary Crook Davis, unpublished diary, 1 January 1943-20 September
1947; Collection of San Juan County Historical Society, San Juan Island,
Washington; Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard.
43
introduced Senate Bill 1441 to authorize the establishment of the Pig War
National Monument. In 1964 a National Park Service team from the Western
Regional Office and Olympic National Park submitted a proposal for the
establishment of San Juan Island National Historical Park, including both
English and American Camps. On September 9, 1966, the 89th Congress
passed Public Law 89-565, which authorized the establishment of the park
and over three million dollars for acquisition of the lands and
development of the park. When hearings on the establishment of the park
were held in 1965, the Park Service endorsed life tenure for Jim, who at
that point still owned over 170 acres in the vicinity of the camp,
including the site of his house. The park's first master plan, dated
June 1968, outlined acquisition and development plans for the park,
including purchase of Crook's remaining land and transfer of ownership of
the State-owned English Camp property. Before the plan was published,
however, Jim Crook had died--in March 1967 at the age of 93--and his
sister, Rhoda, was left sole heir of his estate.
In June 1968 the National Park Service purchased the remaining Crook
land from Rhoda, who was given lifetime tenure in the house and three
acres surrounding it. The land and house passed to the park after her
death in 1972.
44
FIGURE 9 Mary Crook Davis and Jim Crook, ca. 1955. Photo by Eleanor Howard
Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
4 r ,
FIGURE 10 Crook House soon after completion, ca. 1903. Left to right--
Herbert Davis, Mary Crook Davis, Jim Crook and unknown man, possibly Fred
Anderson. Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
tftfH
*~1
FIGURE 11 Crook House porch brackets, 1984,
National Park Service.
Photo by Barry Schnoll,
\6
The Crook House
The Crook house was built just north of what has been called the
Royal Marines' blacksmith shop, on a knoll not far from the "library"
where the Crook family lived for some years. Crook began work on the
house in 1900, and it was completed in 1903. It is a two-story,
balloon-framed building, 28'2" square in plan, with a 16'5"-by-24'2",
one-story wing on the east, added in the early 1960s. The low-pitched
gable roof's ridge runs north-south, with a cross-gable on the west half
which extends beyond the house's walls to cover a full-length, two-story
porch.
The building's most significant architectural feature is its
six-foot deep entrance porch, which, with its simple jig-sawn brackets,
slender chamfered posts, and elliptic-shaped gable end arch, looks like a
'Rhoda Crook Anderson interview by Stoddard, 18 February 1970.
4 7
simple version of the details and forms popularized in Palliser's later
architectural pattern books for country cottages. In fact, a number of
sheets of Palliser's architectural details, copyrighted in 1880, were
found among the collection of drawings by Jim Crook's father and
grandfather after Rhoda Anderson's death.
The porch has boxed eaves and horizontal board siding in the gable
end, with 1 l/2"-by-l" wood strips laid vertically and horizontally in a
decorative geometric pattern. The porch ceiling follows the shape of the
arch ellipse, and is enclosed with butted l"-by-4" boards. The four
supporting chamfered posts are two-stories tall, laterally braced by the
porch roof, the 2"-by-6" floor joists on the second floor, and the first
floor. The second-story porch floor consists of l"-by-5 1/4" beaded
boards, with exposed ends extending beyond the bottom rail of the
balustrade, giving the porch an unfinished appearance. The balustrades
are simple: 1 l/4"-by-l 1/4" balusters spaced approximately 6" on center,
with 2"-by-4" top rails and 2"-by-6" bottom rails. The second floor
balustrade, at 2'7" in height, is 6" taller than the first floor
balustrade. The crawl space beneath the porch was skirted with l"-by-4"
tongue-and-groove vertical siding, now replaced by TI-11 installed
vertically. The original centralized, wide porch stairs had eight
enclosed wood steps leading to the first floor landing, with a balustrade
similar to those on the first and second floors, flanked at grade by
4"-by-4" newel posts with very simple carved triangular and notched
caps. The stairs have been replaced with open treads, new 4"-by-4"
newels, and a new balustrade top rail, although it appears the balusters
from the original porch were reused. The original jigsawn brackets, with
a simple circle motif, are intact.
48
The shingled, cross-gable roof has boxed eaves, with narrow
bargeboard trim, projecting beyond the walls. Two brick chimneys with
simple corbel caps projected from either end of the main gable ridge: the
southernmost one has been removed. A wood gutter, patched with sheet
metal, runs along the east eave line.
The house retains its original shiplap siding, with vertical
cornerboards and gable trim boards. The main building fenestration on
all but the east elevation is identical: two-over-two, tall, narrow
double-hung windows with large panes each measuring 14" wide and 28"
tall. The wood rails and stiles and mull ions are narrow; the trim is
simple butt-jointed l"-by-5" board, with no details. The second floor
windows on the east elevation have identical sashes and trim, but smaller
panes which measure 12" wide and 20" tall. The original vertical board
crawl space skirting around the entire house has been replaced with TI-11
siding.
On the west elevation, single windows flank the second floor porch
door, and double windows flank the first floor entry door. The north
elevation has two single windows on the upper floor, and three on the
bottom floor. The south elevation has two single windows on the second
floor, and a double and a single window below. The placement of the
windows appear to be functionally-related to the interior plan, rather
than formal design decisions based on exterior appearance. In size and
detailing, they appear to be characteristic of farm houses on San Juan
Island built in the two decades preceeding the turn-of-the-century.
The two original extant exterior doors are located on the west
elevation. The first floor entry door has tenoned-through joints and
molded panels: two square panels below and two tall arched panels above.
49
The original hardware has been replaced. Some current island residents
claim the door was salvaged from the 1867 English Camp Captain's house,
which burned in the 1890s. A comparison with historic photographs of the
Captain's house shows a front entry door with similar panel molding, a
style popular throughout the latter half of the nineteenth century.
Crook had a reputation of reusing and adapting materials at hand, and it
is possible the story is true. The second floor porch door is a molded
panel door altered by Crook: the wood in the area between the middle and
upper stiles and the right and left rails was removed and replaced with
two square glass panes flanked by smaller rectangular and square panes
set in narrow muntins and mull ions. This door, like most of the interior
doors, probably came from demolished 1860s English Camp structures, and
was likely altered to admit light into the second floor interior hall.
Both doors are trimmed with simple butt-jointed l"-by-5" boards.
The house was not designed with an integral kitchen. Early
photographs show a series of at least two, and possibly three, kitchen
facilities located on the east side of the house. The earliest
photographs of the house show the edge of an attached one-story structure
on the southeast end of the house, glazed on its south elevation with
six-over-six windows which may have been salvaged from the 1860s English
Camp structures. Other early photos show a small, detached, one-story
gable-roofed structure parallel to and just northeast of the house. This
structure had a central brick chimney, and probably served as the
kitchen; it may have been contemporaneous with the glazed wing on the
south end. In later photographs, a one-story gable-roofed wing has been
added to the house on the northernmost end of the east elevation,
apparently replacing the earlier detached unit. This addition, of
50
»
FIGURE 12 Crook House west entry door,
1984. Possibly salvaged and re-used
from Captain's house, built in 1867.
Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park
Service.
FIGURE 13 Crook house second floor porch
door, 1984. Crook probably installed the
glazing. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National
Park Service.
51
unknown size, had shiplap siding identical to the main structure, and the
north elevation had a window identical to those on the house proper,
except it was laid horizontally. Local residents claim that when Rhoda
Anderson came to live with her brother after their sister, Mary, died in
1959, she was appalled by the kitchen and bathroom facilities and
demanded they be replaced. In the early 1960s the current
kitchen-bathroom wing was built, replacing the earlier wing in the same
2
location.
This wing has an asphalt-covered flat roof with 8" TI-11 siding,
laid vertically. It has sliding aluminum windows and two doors: one on
the east elevation, opening on to a 4'4"-by-10' plywood-floored porch
roofed with corrugated fiberglass, and one on the south, which at one
time had steps leading up to it. The foundation is wood posts on
pre-cast concrete pads. The exterior door on the south has a large
single glazed panel in its top half.
The house has been painted at least three times, with photographic
evidence of white, gold, and a blue-grey color similar to the one
covering it now. The original wood shingled roof is now covered with
composition asphalt shingles. The floor system, which consists of joists
laid on log girders, originally rested on massive tree sections, since
replaced by wood posts on concrete pads.
Interior Features
The original part of the house has four rooms on the first floor and
four rooms on the second. Access to the second floor is via a single-run
^Interview with Inez Brown, Brown Lumber Co., Friday Harbor,
Washington, August 1984.
52
FIGURE 14 (Above) Ca. 1960
kitchen wing addition to Crook
house, east elevation, 1934.
The last in a series of
kitchen facilities serving
the house. Photo by Barry
Schnol 1 , National Park
Service.
FIGURE 15 (Right) Partial
north elevation of Crook
House. Photo by Barry
Schnol! , National Park
Service.
03
enclosed staircase located near the center of the building. The first
floor 2"-by-4" stud walls are sheathed with horizontal board siding:
these were initially finished with wallpaper over building paper, and
later covered with particle board during the 1960s' remodeling. All
original first floor door and window openings are framed with decorative
milled molding with pateras in the upper corners, a typical molding stock
3
pattern used in the last two decades of the nineteenth century.
One-foot-square acoustic tiles, probably added during the 1960s' remodel,
4
cover the unfinished wood ceiling boards. Baseboard trim is a simple
l"-by-8" board, which runs throughout the first floor and is probably
original, contrasting strangely with the finished look of the door and
window moldings. A low-pile, wall-to-wall carpet covers the original 3
1/4" wide tongue-and-groove wood floor. The second floor is unfinished,
with tongue-and-groove wood floors, five-inch-wide shiplap wood board
ceilings, and varying sizes of shiplap board sheathing on the walls;
doors and windows in the west rooms have unpainted cedar ornamental
moldings, identical to those on the first floor.
The front entry door, leading from the full-length porch, is
slightly off-center on the house's west elevation. It opens directly
into the living room, a 13' 7"-by-14 '4" space with a 9' 1 1/2" high
ceiling, located in the structure's northwest corner. The 13'0"-by-l 1 '3"
dining room in the northeast corner is entered via a doorway in the
living room's east wall, located on an angle from the entry door to
provide room for the stairwell which runs along the dining room's south
^An 1880 house in Friday Harbor has identical door and window
moldings.
^Original ceiling finish--if any--is unknown.
54
wall. A closet beneath the upper half of the staircase opens into the
dining room, and a small framed "closet" on the dining room's west wall
encloses the flue for a woodstove, now gone.
A door in the southeast corner of the dining room leads to a small
hall at the foot of the stairs, which also has doors on the east, leading
to the bathroom section of the kitchen wing, and on the south, leading to
a 13'0"-by-12'3" room that may have been used as a bedroom.
Double paneled doors on the living room's south wall lead to the
13'7"-by-12'3" parlor, which now has a 2'-by-4'll" chipboard closet in
its northeast corner that is seven feet tall.
A door on the west end of the living room leads into the kitchen
addition. Paneled and framed with the patera molding, it is an original
opening and probably initially led to the outside.
The kitchen-bathroom addition has three rooms: a 15'6"-by-15'10"
kitchen with wood cabinets and double sink and a door on the east leading
to the back entry porch; a 7' 10"-by-8'0" utility room reached from a door
in the southeast corner of the kitchen, and 7'0"-by-8'U" bathroom reached
from the bottom stair landing. The floors in the addition are covered
with seamless vinyl flooring, and the walls with gypsum drywall. All
utility hook-ups are located in the addition.
The stairs, with treads and risers of uneven length and height, lead
up to a generously-sized hall, 5'8" wide and 21'8" long. The glazed
panel door to the second floor porch is at the west end of the hall and
is currently boarded over. Single doors on either side of the south end
of the hall lead into unfinished bedrooms: the northwest corner bedroom,
13'10"-by-10'6", and the southwest corner bedroom, which measures
14'0"-by-10'4". The 8'11" ceilings in these two rooms slope where the
55
cross-gable rafters meet in a valley at the roof near the outer western
corners. Both rooms have unfinished board walls and ceilings, and
unpainted patera moldings on doors and windows. The hall-sides of the
doors do not have molding. Openings leading to the bedrooms to the east
have been cut in the walls of both rooms.
A two-foot wide hall, with unfinished board walls and ceilings, runs
along the east side of the stairwell to provide access to the two east
bedrooms. The northeast bedroom measures 13'0"-by-10'6", with a
5'4"-by-3'2" shelved alcove in its southeast corner. A 16 1/2" square
brick chimney runs from the floor to the ceiling on the room's west wall,
corresponding with the chimney "closet" in the dining room below. The
southeast bedroom is 13'0"-by-10'4", with a 5'4"-by-3'2" alcove in its
northeast corner. A hole in the floor and in the ceiling beside its west
wall indicate where a chimney once ran from the room below, connecting
with the now-dismantled second brick chimney. The 8' 11" tall ceilings in
these rooms slope to 6'4" on the east walls. The windows and doors in
these two rooms have simple moldings. None of the upstairs rooms have
baseboard molding. On some walls, the studs have been left exposed.
There are three types of mortised four-panel doors in the house.
The most common is a flush-panel type, located at all doorways downstairs
with the exception of the dining room closet, the dining room entrance to
the kitchen wing, the front door, and the rear door from the kitchen
wing. The doorknobs and locksets on these doors are set low, 2' 3 1/2"
from the bottom of the doors, and most have box locks with porcelain
knobs, which replaced earlier, narrower hardware. The doors appear to be
identical to those used in 1860 English Camp structures, and it is likely
the Crooks re-used the doors from demolished structures in their house.
5b
FIGURE 16 Interior door between living
room and dining room, taken from living
room, 1984. Note patera ornaments in
molding corners. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
FIGURE 17 Decorative window trim with
patera ornament in Crook House living
room, 1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
57
The original finish on the doors--now painted white—appears to have been
a varnish. Some of these doors were re-used in the 1960s kitchen
wing--the utility room doors and the bathroom door. The entrances to the
two south bedrooms upstairs also have these doors.
A raised panel door, with low-set hardware, is located between the
dining room and new kitchen wing, and at the hall entrance to the
upstairs northwest bedroom. The hall entrance to the upstairs northeast
bedroom has a panel door that appears handmade, an apparent attempt to
match the other second floor doors.
The original finish on the first floor baseboard and the patera
window and door moldings appears to have been a varnish, similar to those
on the door.
Wallpaper samples taken from the stairway show a brittle paper with
a pastel white background and simple outline flowers. This paper was
later painted with an off-white color. A sample taken from the parlor
shows a combination floral and geometric design with a bronze-metallic,
flocked maroon, olive green, gold, and brown color scheme, later covered
with fibrous paper painted a beige color.
The mechanical systems in the house include electric hot water,
electric baseboard heat and electric lights, all installed in the new
kitchen wing and retrofitted in the downstairs of the original house.
Roller-type window shades and fabric curtains hang in some windows.
bb
Site Development
The English Camp site began to change the month the Crook family
settled it, with the auction of the Royal Marines' buildings in November
of 1875. While the number of buildings sold and immediately moved from
the site is unknown, a comparison of historic photographs shows the
disappearance of several smaller buildings within the military complex.
The hospital building, now restored on site, was moved to a farm several
miles away, probably within a few months of the auction.
Family stories say William Crook began to plant fruit trees within
three years after settling the site, however, the earliest known
post-military photograph of the area, which dates from 1880 at the
earliest, does not show any fruit trees (see Figure 19). Remnants of a
picket fence near the storehouse, and a fenced pasture to the north of
'The terms of the auction, made much of in a later lawsuit,
required the buildings to be moved within thirty days of the sale.
59
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FIGURE 19 English Camp, ca. 1880. The Captain's house can be seen in the
trees to the right. The buildings on the terrace, from left to right, have
been identified as the company mess and the carpentry shop--the "library"
building between the two is missing. Collection, San Juan Island National
Historical Park.
FIGURE 20 English Camp, ca. 1885. The masonry ruins on the terrace are to
the left of what is called the company mess. Collection, San Juan Island
National Historical Park.
61
the camp can be seen in photographs dating from ca. 1880 to ca. 1890. It
appears that Crook built a split-rail fence, running in an easterly
direction from a location just east of the barracks buildings, which
terminated at the north-south running fence built by the Marines on the
east side of a broad, road-like path which ran behind the buildings on
the uppermost terrace (see Figure 22).
Sometime prior to 1895 Crook built a two-story barn with vertical
siding and a lean-to on the south and west sides of it. The barn was
located northwest of the present Crook house, roughly in the vicinity of
the Marines' fenced pasture. The area around it remains cleared—as it
was during the military period—and was probably used as pasture for
sheep and cattle. By 1895 the Crooks had built a long pier west of the
storehouse, extending into Garrison Bay, with a canopied, floating pier
at its end. The Crooks also built a gable-roofed outbuilding on the east
end of the pier, near the storehouse. By this time, too, part of the
orchard north of the storehouse had mature fruit trees; the orchard south
of the storehouse, in the parade grounds, was somewhat younger, and a
third section of orchard, which appears to be the smallest of the three,
extended east up the hill on the south side of the split-rail fence.
Between 1895 and ca. 1913 the buildings located to the south of the
masonry ruins were dismantled: these included the mess hall and
carpenter's shop. The so-called library building had been dismantled or
destroyed sometime around 1880-1885. Also sometime within this period
the split-rail fence was replaced with a picket fence, and was extended
at the bottom of the Crook house knoll on a north-south axis. The
disputed Lieutenant's and Captain's houses burned in a fire in 1894:
62
m
FIGURE 21 English Camp, ca. 1895. Crook-built barn visible on the left-
new pier and building appear on Garrison Bay. Collection, San Juan Island
National Historical Park.
FIGURE 22 East elevation of masonry ruins and company mess; the latter mav
have been the library building. Date unknown, but prior to 1910. Collection
San Juan Island National Historical Park. '
63
evidence of the fire in the timber stands above the house can be seen in
2
early photographs.
A series of outbuildings were located north of the house, a number
of which were dismantled in 1982-1983 (see Figure 25). One of these,
called a woodshed-storage building, had hand-hewn timbers, board and
batten siding with evidence of whitewash, and a gable roof. This
structure, when inventoried in 1975, was situated directly east of the
Crook house near the location of the earliest kitchen building as
indicated in historic photographs. It is possible this was the original
detached kitchen, later moved further back to make room for yet another
3
attached kitchen wing.
Other dismantled buildings included a garage, east of the house and
just north of the extant wood gate along the north-south road the Crooks
used as an entry to their house. The road continued in a northerly
direction for another 200 feet beyond the garage, where another gate was
located: one remaining post indicates the location of the gate. Beyond
the gate was a large 70'-by-100' barn, 30' tall: this structure was built
by Jim Crook, possibly in the 1920s, and dismantled in 1971. West of the
barn were three structures: two poultry houses and a small shed. All
three buildings had board and batten siding, and according to a 1975
^Thompson, Historic Resource Study , page 222. The identity of
these buildings is not certain, as Thompson notes. In fact, the building
he identifies as the company mess was identified by Rhoda Crook Anderson
as either the library or the hospital (page 221). The earliest known
photo from the Crook era, dating ca. 1880 (Figure 19), shows the library
already gone, which does not tally with Rhoda's story about the family
moving from the Lieutenant's house to the library—she claims to have
been born in the Lieutenant's house in 1880.
•^Harold LaFleur, Jr., List of Classified Structures Nomination
Forms (Washington: San Juan Island National Historical Park, 1975).
64
FIGURE 23 Crook orchard in Royal Marines' parade ground, view looking north,
1908. Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
FIGURE 24 Crook sheep in parade ground with blockhouse in background, ca.
Collection, San Juan Island National Historical Park.
915,
65
inventory, were built by Jim Crook in the 1920s. Slightly northwest of
the poultry houses was a ca. 1920 sawmill, now in ruins, with some of the
mill equipment still present. Northwest of the sawmill is a small
6'-by-6' smokehouse, still intact, with extant screened trays for smoking
raw products, possibly built in the 1920s. Northeast of the sawmill is
an extant gable-roofed granary with board and batten siding. Its
construction is attributed to Jim Crook. The picket fence Jim Crook
built to replace the earlier east-west split-rail fence running between
the campsite and the house was dismantled by the Park in the early
1980s. At some point Crook replaced the north-south running picket fence
with a split-rail fence, now gone.
This report recommends a complete historic landscape study prior to
any further changes in the site or structures relating to the Crook
period of development.
b6
PART THREE
EXISTING SITE AND
BUILDING CONDITIONS
Site
The present approach to the Crook House is along the main entry
trail to English Camp and then up a steep grassy hillside. No formal
pedestrian link exists between the camp buildings and the house due to
past interpretive mandates which disregarded the house and its history
and thus tried to isolate and hide the house as an intrusion to the
English Camp setting.
A visitor's experience of English Camp begins with a walk down a
gravel trail leading west from the parking lot. Bordered by dense
vegetation and a low split rail fence, the trail ends at the southern end
of a low level clearing that stretches several hundred yards north along
Garrison Bay. Several steps northwest of the trail terminus is the
present visitor center, housed in the restored barracks, a long,
rectangular, one-story, white-frame structure. To the west of the
barracks and slightly north on the shoreline of the bay sits the
69
HISTORIC ENGLISH CAMP STRUCTURES:
SLOCK HOUSE
FLAGPOLE
FORMAL GAROEN
BARRACKS (Visitor Center)
COMMISSARY
HOSPITAL
7 MASONRY RUIN
CROOK FARM STRUCTURES:
8 CROOK HOUSE
9 SHED
10 SHED
11 STORE HOUSE (Dismantled)
12 GARAGE (Dismantled)
13 BARN (Dismantled)
14 WEST POULTRY HOUSE (Dismantled)
15 EAST POULTRY HOUSE (Dismantled)
16 SMALL SHED (Dismantled)
17 SAW MILL (Ruins)
18 SMOKE HOUSE
19 GRANARY
20 METAL SHED
SITE PLA
FIGURE 25
70
blockhouse, a restored, two-story, log structure, with the reconstructed
camp flagpole directly east of its entrance. Visitors may tour the empty
first floor of the blockhouse. To the south of the blockhouse and below
a steeply wooded hillside is the re-creation of a small formal garden.
The main clearing in the center of the complex contains a few large
isolated trees from the historic period, as well as several clumps of
bushes and shrubs, and the remains of a Crook farm orchard towards the
north end.
To the north of the blockhouse, above the shoreline, sits the
commissary. A one-story, white, wood plank structure with a decorative
bargeboard, it is currently used for storage of miscellaneous park
maintenance equipment and is not open to the public. Directly to the
east is the one-story hospital, which has been returned to its original
site and restored. Because only the exterior has been restored, this
structure is also closed to the public. Metal markers outside the
buildings give a brief history of each structure.
Only after surveying the English Camp site, which is spread out in
the clearing, does the visitor turn around and look up the steep grassy
hillside to the east. At the top, partially obscured by overgrown
maples, firs, and dense ground cover, sits the Crook House, commanding a
dominate view of the entire campsite.
A short steep climb up the grassy knoll terminates at the west end
porch of the Crook house. The English Camp masonry ruins sit to the
southwest of the house. A path leads around the north side of the house
to the back entry on the east side.
Remains of several outbuildings are present throughout the grounds
to the east of the house, and two other plywood sheds sit partially
71
FIGURE 26 West elevation of Crook House, 1975. Photo by Harold LaFleur, Jr.,
National Park Service.
FIGURE 27 South elevation of Crook House, 1975. Photo by Harold LaFleur,
Jr., National Park Service.
72
FIGURE 28 North elevation of Crook House, 1975,
Jr. , National Park Service.
Photo by Harold LaFleur,
FIGURE 29 North elevation of Crook House, 1975,
Jr., National Park Service.
73
Photo by Harold LaFleur,
hidden in the dense brush to the southeast. These structures and remains
are but a few of the clues to the historic landscape of the Crook
homestead.
Large overhanging trees and dense vegetation severely limit access
around the south side of the house. The grounds to the east are soggy
and wet most of the time, indicating the presence of hillside springs
beyond. Slightly further east and running south is the old farm entrance
road which leads back to the parking lot trailhead. The road is seldom
used and retains handmade gates and fencework from the Crook era.
74
Building
Structural Systems
The FOUNDATION of the house consists of 6"-by-8" wood posts set on
16" square pre-cast concrete pads (Figure 34). The posts support five
equally-spaced, peeled cedar log girders, each approximately 16" in
diameter, with a slight taper as they run from east to west. The girders
run continuously to the west end of the porch structure. Many of the
posts have wood shims, indicating an earlier leveling or compensation for
the girder taper.
Notches cut into the underside of the girders at regular intervals
appear to be for the original support posts, which were large diameter
unhewn tree trunks set directly on the ground (Figure 35). Some of these
have been lying in the crawl space.
Crawl space access is through a removable skirting panel just north
of the west end porch steps. Crawl space headroom gradually tapers from
75
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3 1/2 feet at the west end to less than one foot at the east end.
The tops of the girders are level to provide a bearing surface for
the 2"-by-6" wood floor joists spaced 2'0" on center and running
north-south. The joists are doubled under the east and west ends of the
house. Under the porch area, 2"-by-4" sister joists have been added to
each 2"-by-6" for additional support. A 3"-by-10" beam supports the
north-south interior bearing wall. Floor joists are cross braced with
2"-by-4"s at 4'0" on center. A subflooring running east-west across the
floor joists consists of l"-by-9" rough-sawn shiplap cedar boards.
The addition foundation consists of 6"-by-8" wood posts on 16"
square pre-cast concrete pads. Each floor beam consists of three
2"-by-8"s spiked together, running in the east-west direction. Floor
joists run north-south and consist of 2"-by-6"s at 16" on center. The
subfloor is 3/4" plywood.
Crawl space headroom under the addition is generally less than one
foot, with open access through the existing house crawl space.
In general, the foundation and floor framing appear to be in very
good condition with little evidence of insect rot or decay. One
exception is the southern-most girder under the porch's west end.
Advanced deterioration of the girder and floor joists in the area due to
moisture penetration needs to be stopped and damaged sections replaced.
Appropriate design details should prevent further occurences of the
problem. The crawl space is dry and well-ventilated.
The foundation and floor framing of the addition are in excellent
condition.
81
0'U#^^^
em
FIGURE 34 Crook House foundation, west end under porch, 1984,
Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
Photo by
FIGURE 35 Crook House foundation: notch in log girder for original post,
1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
82
WALL FRAMING in the Crook house is balloon construction with
2"-by-4" rough sawn lumber at 2'0" on center. Wall construction of the
addition portion is 2"-by-4" dimensional lumber at 2'0" on center,
probably platform framing.
The ROOF STRUCTURE of the original house is 2"-by-6" rough-sawn wood
rafters at 24" on center, with no ridge board. A l"-by-6" collar tie
stiffens each pair of rafters two feet below the ridge.
Two-inch-by-four-inch posts have been added in the attic to brace the
center three rafter pairs at the ridge crossing. The roof has a twelve
inch overhang with an enclosed soffit supported by 2"-by-4" outlookers
and a l"-by-4" eave fascia.
Roof sheathing consists of 1" rough-sawn cedar boards, ranging in
width from 3 to 9 inches, with random width gaps between the boards. A
fairly recent roof deck of 1/2" plywood is applied over the sheathing.
Both layers of roof sheathing exhibit evidence of water damage,
indicating a deteriorated roof and flashing system.
The roof structure of the addition portion is basically flat, and
consists of 2"-by-12" wood rafters at 24" on center running east-west.
The roof has a I'll" overhang on the north and east sides and a 12"
overhang on the south, with an open soffit. On the north and south sides
the overhangs are supported by 2"-by-12" outlookers spaced at 16" on
center.
The two-story PORCH STRUCTURE at the west end of the Crook house is
supported by the 4"-by-4" chamfered wood columns, which extend from the
foundation to the roof structure. A half lap joint occurs in the two
center columns just below the gable end arch.
83
The first floor deck is 3/4" plywood which extends 2" beyond the
skirting on all sides and slopes down slightly from east to west.
The second floor porch structure consists of 2"-by-6" girders
between the 4"-by-4" columns and between the columns and the house.
Running north-south between the girders are 2"-by-6" joists. All
structural connections are butt jointed and toenailed. A l"-by-4" ledger
is attached to the house wall to help support the deck. The deck is a
l"-by-5 1/4" tongue-and-groove beaded board with the pattern facing down
and visible as the first floor porch ceiling. It extends 2" on all sides
beyond the structural supports. The ceiling of the second floor porch is
a similar beaded board, which varies in height, and roughly follows the
gable end arch (Figure 36).
The gable end pattern is board and batten construction, although it
is mainly decorative. A layer of l"-by-9" boards are attached between
the columns and roof structure, with batten strips applied horizontally
and vertically. The curved lower trim strips are cut from flat l"-by-4"
material and pieced together (Figure 37).
RAILINGS on both porch levels consist of a 2"-by-4" top rail laid
flat between the columns, and a vertical 2"-by-6" bottom rail, with a
slightly beveled top. Balusters between the railings are
1 l/4"-by-l 1/4" toenailed to the rails at 6" on center.
STAIRS to grade from the porch have a similar railing construction.
Each step consists of three 2"-by-4"s laid flat resting on three evenly
spaced 2"-by-12" stringers. Where the stringers meet the porch
structure, a 2"-by-4" upright adds support (Figure 38).
The CONDITION of the porch structure presents the most immediate and
visible areas of concern. The south-west column has an auxiliary
84
>."fc#
FIGURE 36 Beaded board ceiling of second floor porch, 1984. Photo by
Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
m •'
FIGURE 37 Crook House porch with distinctive gable end treatment,
1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
85
« I II III I »l M i f
FIGURE 38 West porch steps of Crook House, 1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
FIGURE 39 Deteriorated first floor porch deck, southwest corner of Crook
House, 1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
86
4"-by-4" strapped to it resting on a temporary footing, which helps
support the original deteriorated column base (Figure 40). Moisture
penetration has contributed to a high degree of deterioration of the
porch deck, porch joists, and main girder below (Figure 39, 41, 43).
Railings on both levels are in a weakened condition due to loose
structural connections (Figure 42). The second level floor deck is badly
warped and beginning to rot along the edges. Floor joists supporting the
deck are extremely loose at all butt joints.
Exterior Building Envelope
The exterior skin of the building is painted l"-by-5" bevel edge
shiplap cedar siding applied directly to the wall studs (Figure 44). An
asphalt shingle roof with metal flashing is laid over a 1/2" plywood roof
deck. Wood gutters with metal ends are found on the existing roof
structure, yet do not appear in the historic photos. The entire roof
system and gutters are in poor condition and in need of major repair and
replacement (Figure 45).
The perimeter wood foundation skirting is TI-11 siding, simulating a
vertical shiplap pattern 8" on center. The material was installed at the
time of the house addition, replacing a material similar to the existing
house siding. The skirting is attached to blocking between the floor
joists at the top and between the foundation posts at the bottom. A
piece of l/8"-by-8" masonite protects the wood at grade level. Adequate
venting of the crawl space is accomplished with aluminum vents in the
skirting of both the existing and new addition.
The skirting is basically in good condition, but adequate care
should be taken to remove soil, vegetation and debris from contact with
87
FIGURE 40 (Above left) Temporary bracing
for southwest corner porch column, 1984.
Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park
Service.
FIGURE 41 (Above right) Deteriorated
skirting under porch deck in southwest
corner, 1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
FIGURE 42 (Right) Second floor porch
railing. The top rail is separating from
the column and the balusters are loose,
1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National
Park Service.
FIGURE 43 Northwest corner of Crook House porch, 1984. Lack of sealant
allows moisture penetration. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service,
FIGURE 44 Bevel edge shiplap siding and Tl -11 skirting, south wall of
Crook House, 1984. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
89
the skirting.
There is no insulation found anywhere in the existing structure.
The addition has not yet been examined for insulation.
All windows of the original house are single pane 2/2 double-hung in
repairable condition. Reglazing, weather stripping, and new sash weight
cords, as well as stripping off of numerous paint layers will restore the
windows to their original condition. Fabrication of a removable storm
sash should be considered.
The addition is sided with TI-11, the same pattern used in the
original house skirting. The roof is a built-up bitumen system with a
raised metal coping around the perimeter. Because of the flat pitch on
the roof and cogged roof drains, water ponding is a constant problem
(Figure 46). The entire roof area needs a resloping and a new roof
system applied. Exact construction details of the roof system are not
known at this time.
Windows in the addition portion are all single-pane aluminum sliders
in excellent working condition. The addition of a storm sash for these
windows should be considered.
Exterior doors are in good condition. Weather stripping and
thresholds need replacement and a uniform haroware system should be
installed.
Mechanical System
The existing mechanical systems have been shut off since the early
1970s when the National Park Service took possession of the structure,
making any statements as to their functionality difficult.
9d
FIGURE 45 East gable roof of Crook House, 1984. Shingles, brick and flashing
show advanced deterioration. Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
*•<»-
FIGURE 46 Crook House addition, 1984. Flat roof contributes to ponding,
Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
91
The heating system of the existing house consists of two electric
wall heaters on the first floor. One is located on the east wall of the
bedroom #1, and another on the south wall of the living room. Both
heaters are rated at 2000 watt/240 volt but, due to exposed wiring, do
not comply with code requirements.
The addition contains two electrically-heated hot water baseboards
in the northeast corner of the kitchen.
There has never been a central heating system in the house. The
existing chimney and flue openings indicate stoves were the principal
historic heat source (Figure 47). Three stoves appear to have been in
use in the north half of the house, two upstairs in bedrooms #2 and #3,
and one in the living room downscairs. The south half reflects a similar
arrangement although the chimney has since been dismantled and the
various openings throughout the ceiling, floor, wall, and roof sealed
(Figure 48).
A capped insulated metal flue in the kitchen addition along the
north wall indicates the use of a wood stove in that area, probably as
the primary heat source.
There are no heating or plumbing systems on the second floor. All
plumbing is located in the addition. The bathroom, accessed through the
stair hall of the existing house, contains a wall-mounted lavatory, a
water closet, and a bathtub with shower head. The kitchen area has a
two-compartment sink in an enclosed cabinet. The utility area contains
the 52-gallon capacity electric hot water heater, as well as hot and cold
water hookups for a washing machine.
9?
FIGURE 47 Chimney on unfinished west wall
of Bedroom #3, Crook House, 1984. Stove
flue hole filled with mortar. Photo by
Barry Schnoll, National Park Service.
FIGURE 48 Bedroom #4 of Crook House, 1984
Upstairs rooms were never finished. Open-
ing in floor indicates location of dis-
mantled chimney. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
93
Electrical System
The entire house is fed by an overhead service line entering the
main service panel in the northeast corner of the dining room. Service
is rated at 100 amps maximum with a 120/240 volt 1 phase, 3 wire system.
There is no electrical service upstairs.
Historic photos of a kitchen wing indicate electrical service to the
house before the existing addition. Much of the wiring runs under the
floor system in the crawl space, or is exposed on the interior.
Most lighting is provided by exposed incandescent lamps in porcelain
holders, some with pull chains. All first floor rooms have either one or
two duplex outlets located at floor level. A 220 volt outlet on the west
wall of the kitchen serviced the range.
Two exterior wall-mounted incandescent fixtures illuminate the rear
entrance area of the addition.
Interior
On the first floor of the original house, historic interior finishes
have been covered up with inappropriate materials which do not meet
building safety code requirements, and do not enhance the historic
character of the house.
The addition needs a thorough cleanup of all finish surfaces, as
well as some minor repairs.
94
FIGURE 49 Unfinished interior of Bedroom
#4, Crook House, 1984. Ceiling drop and
studs laid flat on the north wall.
Photo by Barry Schnoll, National Park
Service.
FIGURE 50 Crook House staircase, looking
west, 1984. Tread depth and riser height
are not consistent. Photo by Barry Schnoll,
National Park Service.
95
FIRST FLOOR ROOM BY ROOM DESCRIPTION
PORCH
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 23'6" NS 6'8" ceiling 9' 6 1/2"
FLOOR
— Painted 3/4" plywood EW direction with slope down in
W direction
CEILING
-- Painted 5 1/4" x 3/4" x 6'8" tongue-and-groove
beaded board (also serves as deck of second floor
porch, pattern faces down)
RAILING
-- Painted 2x4 top rail (laid flat between 4x4
columns); height 2'1" above porch floor
-- 1 1/4" x 1 1/4" balusters at 6" on center
--2x6 bottom rail (vertical between 4x4 columns
with beveled top)
FEATURES
-- Top of window sills 2'0" above porch floor
-- Decorative brackets with circular motif
COMMENTS
-- Steps to grade are not original
LIVING ROOM
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13'7" NS 14'4" ceiling 9' 1 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Carpet over 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove hardwood
flooring running NS direction
CEILING
-- 12" x 12" acoustical tiles over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar ceiling boards
running EW
WALLS
-- Painted 1/2" chipboard over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall boards
(hori zontal )
MOLDINGS
-- Base - painted 1 x 8 cedar
HEATING
-- Wall mounted electric heater on S wall, E of parlor
doors, just above base molding
-- 8" diameter opening in E wall for flue pipe, 10"
below ceiling, 24 1/2" N of door into dining room
LIGHTING
-- 3 wall outlets
FEATURES
-- Angled ceiling drop under stairway area at S£ corner
projects 3'0" EW, 1 * 10" NS, height at bottom of drop
6' 11 1/2"
-- All windows have drapes and shade with hardware
PARLOR
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13'7" NS 12*3" ceiling 9' 1 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Carpet over 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove hardwood
flooring running NS direction
CEILING
-- 12" x 12" acoustical tiles over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar ceiling boards
running EW
WALLS
-- Painted 1/2" chipboard over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall boards
(hori zontal )
MOLDINGS
-- Base - painted 1 x 3 cedar
LIGHTING
-- 2 wal 1 outlets
FEATURES
-- Closet on N wall constructed of painted 1/2"
chipboard with shelf and pole, interior unfinished,
4' 11" EW, 2'0" NS, 7'1" high (enclosed top)
%
DINING ROOM
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13'0" NS 1V3" ceiling 9' 1 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Carpet over 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove hardwood
flooring running NS direction
CEILING
-- 12" x 12" acoustical tiles over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar ceiling boards
running EW
WALLS
-- Painted 1/2" chipboard over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall boards
(horizontal)
MOLDING
-- Base - painted 1 x 8 cedar
LIGHTING
-- Porcelain base with incandescent bulb
-- 1 wall outlet
FEATURES
-- Main electric service panel on N wall (at NE corner)
-- Closet under stairway (S wall)
-- Closet enclosing chimney support brackets en W wall,
(similar wall finishes as dining room)
-- All windows have drapes and shades with hardware
BEDROOM #1
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13'0" NS 12'3" ceiling 9' 1 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Carpet over 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove hardwood
flooring running NS direction
CEILING
-- 12" x 12" acoustical tiles over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar ceiling boards
running EW
WALLS
-- Painted 1/2" chipboard over wallpaper over
unfinished 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall boards
(horizontal )
MOLDINGS
-- Base - painted 1 x 8 cedar
HEATING
-- Wall mounted electric heater on E wall
-- Patched chimney opening in ceiling along W wall,
3'5" N of S wall (opening 17" x 17")
LIGHTING
-- (1) wall outlet
FEATURES
-- All windows have drapes and shade with hardware
COMMENTS
-- Presently used for curatorial storage
BATHROOM
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 7'0" NS 8'0" ceiling 7' 9 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Sheet vinyl over 5/8" plywood
CEILING
— Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
WALLS
— Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
MOLDING
-- Base - painted 1 3/4" x 3/4" pine
LIGHTING
-- Porcelain base with incandescent bulb
-- Wall mounted porcelain base with incandescent bulb
on S wall 28" above lavatory
-- Wall outlet at 42" on S wall above lavatory
FEATURES
-- Water closet area 2'8" wide NS to ceiling, 2'6" EW
from E wal 1
-- Formica on S wall of water closet area, 4' 11" high
with 1/8" metal trim
-- Tub 4'10" x 2'5", 15 1/2" high; surround is 1/8"
formica, 5' 6 1/2" height with 1/8" metal trim
-- Recessed wall cabinet with mirror front on W wall
above sink (16" x 26")
-- Towel bar on W wal 1
-- Window has a shade
Ql
97
UTILITY ROOM
DIMENSIONS
— EW 7' 10" NS 8'0" ceiling 7' 9 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Sheet vinyl over 5/8" plywood
CEILING
-- Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
WALLS
— Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
MOLDING
-- Base - painted 1 3/4" x 3/4" pine
LIGHTING
-- Porcelain receptacle with incandescent bulb
-- (2) wall outlets
FEATURES
-- Cabinet on W wall, 16 1/4" EW, 3'4" NS, full height
to ceiling
-- Cabinet has 6 screen shelves and 2 thru wall vents
to outside
— Electric hot water heater in NW corner (52-gallon
capacity)
-- Hot and cold water supply 1 ' : nes at 50" high on W
wall for washer/dryer
-- Al 1 windows have shades
KITCHEN
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 15'6" NS 14' 10 1/2" ceiling 7' 9 1/2"
FLOOR
-- Sheet vinyl over 5/8" plywood
CEILING
-- Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
WALLS
-- Painted 1/2" gypsum wallboard
MOLDING
-- Base - painted 1 3/4" x 3/4" pine
HEATING
-- Electric hot water - baseboard units at NE corner
4'0" strip EW, 6'0" strip NS
-- Stove flue opening in ceiling alona N wall
LIGHTING
-- (3) porcelain receptacles with incandescent bulbs
FEATURES
-- Sink cabinet NW corner, 33" high, 6'0" EW, 2'0" NS;
sink 33" x 22" double compartment, aluminum
-- Upper and lower wall cabinets along S wall
-- Broom closet at SW corner
-- All windows have drapes and shades with hardware
PORCH (REAR ADDITION)
DIMENSIONS
.. EW 4'4" NS lO'O" ceiling slopes 6" NS
FLOOR
-- Painted 1 1/2" plywood
CEILING
--2x4 and 2x6 wood frame with corrugated green
fiberglass panels; 1'9" overhang EW
RAILING
— Top rail 2x4 1 aid f 1 at
--4x4 corner columns
LIGHTING
-- Wall mounted porcelain receptacle 77 1/2" (above
deck) to N of door
FEATURES
-- Step to grade
98
SECOND FLOOR ROOM BY ROOM DESCRIPTION
BEDROOM H2
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13*10" NS 10*6" ceiling 8'1 1"
FLOOR
-- 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove softwood flooring,
unfinished, in EW direction '
CEILING
-- 5 1/8" x 7/8" wide shiplap cedar ceiling boards,
unfinished, in NS direction
WALLS
-- 8 3/4" wide x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal on W wall
-- 5 1/8" wide x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal on N, S, E walls
MOLDING
--No base
-- No door moldings on hall side
HEATING
-- 6" diameter opening for chimney flue, 2 '4" below
ceiling on E wall (lines up with chimney directly E
of wal 1 in bedroom #3)
LIGHTING
— No electrical service on second floor
FEATURES
-- Angled ceiling drop at NW corner for roof framing,
49" EW, 50" NS, ceiling height at low point of drop
6' 3 1/4"
-- Wall opening in E wall to bedroom #3, 28" wide by
6*6" high, starting 14" S of N wall
-- Al 1 windows have drapes and shades with hardware
BEDROOM #3
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 13'0" NS 10'6" ceiling 8'1 1"
-- Alcove EW 5'4" NS 3'2"
FLOOR
-- 3 1/4" with tongue-and-groove softwood flooring,
unfinished, in EW direction
CEILING
-- 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar ceiling boards,
unfinished, in NS direction
-- Angled ceiling drop (knee wall) along E wall down tc
6 '3" high, projects W 3M1" into room
WALLS
-- W wall: exposed studs, no wall finish
-- S wall: partial wall finish, exposed studs first 26"
W of doorway, 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar
wall boards, unfinished, horizontal,
remainder of S wall
-- E wal 1 : 8 3/4" x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal, up to 3'9" off
floor; 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall
boards, unfinished, horizontal, 3'9" above
floor to ceiling
-- N wall: 5 1/8" x 7/8" sniplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal
-- Alcove area:
- E wall: similar finishes as E wall of room
- S wall: 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal
- W wall: exposed studs, laid flat, no wall finish
MOLDING
--No base
-- No door moldings on hall side
HEATING
-- 16 1/2" x 16 1/2" brick chimney on W wall, recessed
into wal 1 space
-- 6" diameter hole for stove flue, 6'7" up from floor,
filled in with mortar, on E side
LIGHTING
-- No electrical service on second floor
FEATURES
-- Wall opening in W wall to bedroom #2, 2'8" wide by
6'6" high, starting 14" S of N wall
-- E wall window is a shorter and narrower version of
typical house window to accommodate knee wall
-- N wall window has drape and shade with hardware
BE0R00M #4
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 12' 10" NS 10*4" ceiling 8'11"
-- Alcove EW 5'4" NS 3'2"
FLOOR
-- 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove softwood flooring,
unfinished, in EW direction
CEILING
-- 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar ceiling boards,
unfinished, in NS direction
— Angled ceiling drop (knee wall) along E wall down to
6 '3" high, projects W 3*1 1 " into room
WALLS
-- W wall: exposed studs, no wall finish
-- N wall: partial wall finish, exposed studs first 26"
W of doorway, 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar
wall boards, unfinished, horizontal,
remainder of S wal 1
-- E wall: 8 3/4" x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal, up to 3'9" off
floor; 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall
boards, unfinished, horizontal, 3'9" above
floor to ceiling
-- S wall: 8 3/4" x 7/8" sniplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal
-- Alcove area:
- E wall: similar finishes as E wall of room
- N & W wall: exposed studs, laid flat, no wall
finishes
MOLDINGS
--No base
-- No door moldings on hall side
HEATING
-- Original brick chimney has been removed from W wall
leaving a floor and ceiling opening
- Floor opening, 17" x 17", starting 3'5" N of S wall
- Ceiling opening is directly above floor opening
and of a simi lar s ize
- 10" square hole in W wall to accommodate flue pipe
from bedroom #5 to original chimney, bottom of
opening 6'6" above floor, opening lines up with
chimney openings in floor ana ceiling
FEATURES
— Wall opening in W wall to bedroom #5, 26" wide by
6'6" high starting 15" N of S wall
-- S wall window has drape and shade with hardware
-- E wall window is a shorter and narrower version of
typical house window to accommodate knee wall
BEDROOM #5
DIMENSIONS
— EW 14'0" NS 10'4" ceiling 8'1 1"
FLOOR
-- 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove softwood flooring,
unfinished, in EW direction
CEILING
— 5 1/8" x 7/8" shiplap cedar ceiling boards,
unfinished, in NS direction
WALLS
-- N, E wall 5 1/4" wide x 7/8" shiplap cedar boards,
unfinished, horizontal
-- S, W wall 8 3/4" wide x 7/8" shiplap cedar boards,
unfinished, horizontal
MOLDING
-- No base
-- No door moldings on hall side
HEATING
-- 10" x 10" opening for chimney flue, top of opening,
1'7" below ceiling on £ wall, lines up with floor
and ceiling openings directly to the E in bedroom #4
FEATURES
-- Angled ceiling drop at SW corner for roof framing,
4 9" EW 50" NS
-- Ceiling height at low point of drop 6' 3 1/4"
-- Wall opening in E wall to bedroom #4, 26" wide by
6'6" high starting 15" N of S wall
-- All windows have drapes and shade with hardware
99
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100
IALLWAY
DIMENSIONS
— EW 2T8" NS 5'6" ceiling 8'11"
FLOOR
-- 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove softwood flooring,
unfinished, in EW direction
CEILING
-- 5 1/8" x 7/3" shiplap cedar ceiling boards,
unfinished, in NS direction
WALLS
-- 8 3/4" wide x 7/8" shiplap cedar wall boards,
unfinished, horizontal
MOLDING
— No base
— No moldings on hall side of doors
FEATURES
-- Stair opening 8' 10" EW, 2'8" NS, located lO'll" E of
W wall and 10" S of N wall
— Railing around stair opening is made up of 2 x 2
posts and a 2 x 2 upper and middle rail on the S and
E sides, top of railing is 26 1/2" above floor; N
side of stair opening has a 2 x 2 diagonal member
from top of NE corner post to second floor 4 '6" W of
E end
STAIRWAY
DIMENSIONS
— Run 12' 7 3/4" Rise 9' 10 3/4" NS 2'6"
-- Ceiling: Lower landing 9' 1 1/2"; soffit varies; W
of soffit, open to second floor exiling
FLOOR
-- Treads and risers 1 x pine
-- Stringer 1 x pine
-- Nosing projects = 2 3/4"
-- 19 R at 6 1/4" 18 T at 8 7/16"
CEILING
-- Painted wallpaper over 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall
boards, unfinished, horizontal
WALLS
-- Painted wallpaper over 1 x 9 shiplap cedar wall
boards, unfinished, horizontal
LIGHTING
-- Porcelain receptacle with incandescent bulb at lower
landing
FEATURES
— Rod and drape at lower soffit area serves as doorway
'ORCH
DIMENSIONS
-- EW 28'6" NS 6 '8" ceiling varies
FLOOR
— Painted 3 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove softwood
beaded board (pattern down) faces in EW direction,
with slope down to W overhangs 2" on all (3) sides
CEILING
-- Painted 5 1/4" wide tongue-and-groove beaded board
in EW direction
RAILING
-- Painted 2x4 top rail (laid flat between 4x4
columns) hat 2'7" above deck
-- 1 1/4 x 1 1/4 balusters at 6" on center
--2x6 bottom rail (vertical - x a
columns) with beveled top
FEATURES
-- Board and batten gable end ^corative pattern
101
DOOR SCHEDULE
/
D
D
Door
Lite
No.
Type
Size
Description
Size
01
A
3 , 0"x7 , 0"xl-l/2"
Wood
Panel
01(a
I B
3'0"x6'8"xl-l/8"
Wood
Panel
02
D
2'7-l/2"x6'7"xl-3/16"
Wood
Panel
03
D
2'7-l/2"x6 , 7"xl-3/16"
Wood
Panel
04
D
2'7-l/2"x6 , 6-3/4"xl-l/2"
Wood
Panel
05
I
ri-l/2"x6'4"x3/4"
3/4"
Plywood
06
I
2'3"x5 , 9"x3/4"
3/4"
Plywood
07
D
2 , 7-l/2"x6'6-l/2"xl-l/2"
Wood
Panel
08 D 2'7-l/2"x6'6-l/4"xl-l/2" Wood Panel
09 E 2'7-3/4"x6'7-l/4"xl-l/2" Wood Panel
10
D 2'2"x6'6-l/2"xl-3/8"
11 D 2'5-3/8"x6'6-3/8"xl-l/2"
12 F 2'8"x6'7-l/2"xl-l/4"
12(a) G 2'8"x6'7-l/2"xl"
13 D 2'7-l/2"x6 , 5-l/2 ,, xl-l/2"
14 E 2'8"x6 , 7-l/2"xl-l/2"
15 H 2'7-l/2"x6'7-l/2"xl"
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
Wood Panel
2'x2'2-5/8"
Remarks
Appl ied molding*
Screen door*
Recessed panel*
Recessed panel*
Recessed panel*
Recessed panel
Historic trim W side onl.
Recessed panel*
Raised panel with
recessed center*
Historic door; recessed
Historic trim W side onl.
Historic door; recessed
Screen door
Recessed panel
Raised panel with recess*
center* (no hall trim)
Raised panel with bevelei
edge* (no hal 1 trim)
102
D 2'7-l/2"x6 , 7-l/2"xl-l/8" Wood Panel
D 2 , 7-3/4"x6'7-l/2"xl-l/2" Wood Panel
C 2 , 8"x6'8"xl-l/2" Wood Panel
Varies
Recessed panel* (no hall trim)
Recessed panel* (no hall trim)
'Historic trim on both sides (except as noted)
WINDOW SCHEDULE
j \
A
& B
D-G
C
SIMILAR
Type
Size
Description
Lite Size
Remarks
A
2'8"x5'10"
DH 2/2 Wood
l'2"x2'8"
B
5'8-l/2"x5 , 10"
DH 2/2 Wood
r2"x2'8"
Double Window
C
2■4-l/2 ,, x3 , 10 ,
DH 2/2 Wood
T0"xl'8"
D
3'0"x3'0"
SI ider -Metal
l«4"x2'10"
E
5'0"x3'0"
Slider-Metal
2'4"x2'10"
F
5'0"x4'0"
SI ider -Metal
2'4"xl'10"
G
3'0"x2'6"
Slider-Metal
r4"x2'4"
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105
PART FOUR
BUILDING DEVELOPMENT
Target Objectives for Building Development
In response to a decision to adaptively reuse the Crook House in its
present location, the Cultural Resources Division, Pacific Northwest
Region, initiated a meeting of all involved National Park Service
personnel to discuss possible development objectives. The meeting
included the following regional office participants: Regional Historian,
Regional Historical Architect, Regional Curator, Regional Chief of
Interpretation, Regional Chief of Maintenance and Engineering, project
architect, project architectural technician, and project historian; and
the following San Juan Island National Historical Park staff
participants: Superintendent, Chief Ranger, and Interpretive Ranger.
The discussion focused on five major areas of concern: Site, Visitor
Center, Staff, Curatorial, and Long-term Plan.
109
Site
The conversion of the Crook House site from an isolated early island
farmstead to a visitor facility for English Camp will put new demands on
the existing cultural and historic landscapes. Increased usage will
require development of new approaches and viewsheds and handicapped
access. The visitor's first encounter will now be focused on the house
and its environs, a major change from the current entry sequence.
-- Existing parking facilities need to be expanded to accommodate a bus
turnaround and parking area and the projected increased visitor
usage.
-- A new entry path needs to be established from the expanded parking
lot area to the Crook House, which will serve as the English Camp
visitor contact facility.
-- Visitor toilet facilities need to be established in closer proximity
to the park entry area; additional capacity is required.
-- Further study of the historic landscape of English Camp is needed,
particularly of the Crook House as a specific site within the entire
camp context.
-- A new access trail needs to be established from the proposed visitor
contact facility to English Camp.
-- Physical access down the steep slope to the west of the Crook House
should be closed, but visual continuity with English Camp should be
maintained.
-- Site drainage around the Crook House needs to be improved.
— Debris littering the ground areas around the Crook House should be
cleaned up and the two outbuildings removed. Debris to be examined
by Regional Archeologist prior to removal from present context.
110
-- The masonry ruins to the southwest of the Crook House require
immediate stabilization.
Visitor Center
The present visitor contact facilities in the restored barracks at
English Camp are not adequate to serve the number of the projected
visitors as stated in the San Juan Island National Historical Park,
Interpretive Prospectus , prepared by Harpers Ferry Center, Harpers Ferry,
West Virginia (1984).
The Crook House will be adaptively used in its present location as the
English Camp visitor contact facility.
-- The contact facility will contain an information lobby and
association sales area, and an exhibit area. Approximately 600
square feet of space will be needed for these functions. The space
need not be in one continuous area, but should be on one level.
Specific exhibit requirements are stated in the Interpretive
Prospectus.
-- There are no plans for audio-visual equipment installation at this
t i me .
-- A small storage space should be provided for maintenance and
cleaning supplies.
-- Appropriate fire and security systems should be provided.
-- Long-term plans should include public restroom facilities accessible
on a 24-hour basis.
-- Both the visitor contact facility and the restrooms should be
handicapped accessible.
Ill
Staff (Ranger Day Use)
Placement of staff-use areas must consider ease of operation for the
limited staffing available at the Crook House. Under most conditions one
ranger will be on duty, with a maximum of two during times of heavy park
usage.
— The Crook House should serve as the ranger control station for the
entire English Camp site. A single ranger should be able to monitor
visitor access to the camp and visitor center.
-- A private workspace for staff use should be provided within close
proximity to the control station. Workspace to contain a desk,
chair, and file cabinet.
-- A restroom facility for staff use only should be provided.
-- A small food preparation area for staff day use should be provided,
possibly in conjunction with the private workspace area.
Curatorial
Permanent and secure curatorial facilities need to be established
for a variety of park artifacts. The existing English Camp collections
will be supplemented by additional Crook and archeological materials used
for interpretive research.
-- A permanent curatorial storage space for English Camp artifacts
should be established. Approximately 300 square feet of space is
required for current and future curatorial needs.
-- Interior wall and ceiling finishes are to be gypsum drywall, painted
— Locks for all access doors to space should be keyed separately from
the master key system. Access to the space is to be limited.
112
— All storage is to be in freestanding metal cabinets, set on a
2"-by-4" base.
— All windows are to be provided with appropriate solar screening
devices (specified by curator).
-- Lighting is to be provided by flourescent type fixtures with UV
filters.
-- Electrical outlets will be provided per code requirements at 42"
above the floor.
-- Fire and security systems must be included. Alarms should be both
audible and hard-wired.
-- No window barriers are required.
-- A ventilation fan system is needed to exhaust storage case
preservatives from work areas.
Long-Term
All proposed alterations to the Crook House should be consistent
with long-term plans for its use by the park. Any existing planning
documents should be amended to include new adaptive reuse decisions.
-- Permanent visitor restroom facilities should be provided in an
appropriate location site. This work should be coordinated by the
Cultural Resources Division.
-- Hot and cold water supply lines and a utility wash-basin should be
provided in the curatorial spaces.
-- Picnic facilities could be developed in close proximity to the
visitor center.
113
The appropriateness of temperature control in the curatorial space
will be further studied by the Regional Curator.
114
Recommended Approaches
Site
Initial visitor contact at English Camp will take place at the edge
of the expanded parking area. Pathways should be developed in a
sensitive manner directing movement toward the Crook House along both
historic and new trails. Interesting physical features and views of the
site should be examined for inclusion in any plans.
-- Existing parking lot facilities will be expanded to the east to
accommodate increased visitor usage. Parking will include an area
for bus turnaround and bus-only parking.
- Parking lot layout, carried out by the Pacific Northwest Region,
Maintenance and Engineering Division, should be coordinated with
the Cultural Resources Division for comments and suggestions for
retaining historic site integrity.
115
HISTORIC ENGLISH CAMP STRUCTURES:
1 BLOCK HOUSE
2 FLAGPOLE
3 FORMAL GARDEN
4 BARRACKS (Visitor Center)
5 COMMISSARY
6 HOSPITAL
7 MASONRY RUIN
CROOK FARM STRUCTURES:
8 CROOK HOUSE
9 SHED
10 SHED
11 STORE HOUSE (Dismantled)
12 GARAGE (Dismantled)
13 BARN (Dismantled)
14 WEST POULTRY HOUSE (Dismantled)
15 EAST POULTRY HOUSE (Dismantled)
16 SMALL SHED (Dismantled)
17 SAW MILL (Ruins)
18 SMOKE HOUSE
19 GRANARY
20 METAL SHED
RECOMMENDED SITE DEVELOPMENT
FIGURE 53
SITE PLA
MAIN ACCESS ROAD
116
A new entry path from the parking lot to the Crook House should be
established roughly paralleling the old Crook Farm entry road and
approach the house between the masonry ruins and the house's
southwest corner. The main entry is to be at the west end. The
masonry ruins could be used as an interpretive site.
- The new path should be handicapped accessible, with provision for
a ramped handicapped entrance into the Crook House at the east
entrance.
- The existing English Camp entry trail should be abandoned, except
for maintenance use, as soon as the new entry trail is established,
Two temporary vault toilets along the parking lot edge should be
installed until such time as permanent restroom facilities are
established. Siting of toilets should be coordinated with the
overall development plan.
Trees and vegetation around Crook House that block the desired views
of English Camp should be removed. Coordinate all site work with
the Cultural Resources Division.
- Trim large maple to the north of house to alleviate maintenance
problems of leaf and branch deposits on flat roof section.
- Establish regular maintenance program for grounds around Crook
House.
- Clear bush and vegetation away from house a minimum of ten feet on
all sides—coordinate clearing program with an historic landscape
study.
117
-- A new trail should be established down to English Camp from the
Crook House and should follow existing contour lines, gradually
descending the slope and moving northwest. The trail should avoid
the steep hillside directly to the west of the house.
-- The current hillside access to the west of Crook House to English
Camp should be blocked off with a low split rail fence and dense
planting to discourage its use.
Visitor Center
The adaptive reuse of the Crook House will provide an interesting
backdrop for interpretive displays of English Camp as well as post and
pre-camp events. Its location is an ideal starting point for visitors
entering the park, and overall development plans should reflect this.
The visitor contact facility should be developed on the ground floor
of the Crook House. Existing first floor area and structural systems are
sufficient to handle anticipated visitor use though a theoretical
structural analysis might find supporting members somewhat light. Entry
and exit should occur through the west end. This offers visitors a
maximum site exposure from a single, easily accessible vista point. The
view from the house should be considered in developing any interpretive
materials.
Due to code considerations, no public usage of the second floor
should be permitted. Existing first floor porch railings permit
uninterrupted views and should be retained as part of the historical
character of the house.
All existing historical interior room arrangements should be
maintained in adaptively reusing the Crook House. Installation of
118
finishes to meet code should be coordinated with the Regional Historical
Architect.
-- The information lobby/association sales area should be developed in
the present living room space, in conjunction with the main entry.
Extra storage of sales materials could take place in the closet
under the staircase, which is reached through the dining room.
— Exhibit areas can be developed in the parlor, dining room, and
bedroom #1, as well as any remaining living room space. Care should
be exercised to retain existing architectural features.
-- Displaying a sample of historic finishes from each room would add an
interesting interpretive viewpoint to Crook's use of the house and
its changes over time.
-- An attempt should be made to include the masonry ruins in any
interpretive development.
-- The west porch steps and balustrade should be rebuilt according to
historical photos.
Staff
Staff use of Crook house space will be zoned into private,
semi-private, and public areas. The relationships between compatible
uses must be recognized in planning efforts.
-- A staff desk/counter should be set up in the northwest corner of the
living room along the west windows. This location would then serve
as a visual control point for the Crook House, the site entry path,
and offer a broad view of English Camp. Selective trimming and
removal of trees and vegetation will be necessary to increase views,
as mentioned under site consideration.
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-- A private workspace for staff use should be established in the
existing kitchen area. This space is in close enough proximity to
the entry area to hear any visitors entering the house. The
existing sink should be incorporated into this space.
-- The existing bathroom facility in the house should be renovated for
staff use only and kept locked at all times. Existing fixtures can
be brought up to working condition. This bathroom space may be
considered for use by handicapped visitors until permanent
facilities are established.
-- There is to be no staff use of the second floor porch except for
routine maintenance due to insufficient load-bearing capacity and
lack of lateral resistance.
Curatorial
Curatorial storage needs to be permanently located in a private,
staff -only area. A long-term collection management plan is being
prepared, and proper care should be given to existing and future
artifacts.
-- Bedrooms #4 and #5 on the second floor should be renovated into
permanent curatorial storage space for the park's artifact
collection. The space insures limited access in a private zone with
opportunities for limited expansion if needed.
-- Access to this space is to be limited and doors are to be keyed
separately from the rest of the house. To prevent unauthorized
access, all doors to this space shall be strengthened and hinges
pinned on the interior side.
122
-- A framed opening shall be provided between the two bedrooms large
enough to accommodate the curatorial storage cabinets.
-- There should be no visible window barriers that alter the historic
building character.
-- Structural loading must be taken into consideration when arranging
storage cabinets.
Long-Term
Overall English Camp planning objectives need to consider the reuse
of the Crook House and related site impacts. Interpretive themes need to
be reevaluated in light of current research.
-- The existing addition to the Crook House should be demolished, and
the original house exterior restored on the basis of further
historic research.
-- Increased usage of the Crook House as a visitor center will have a
considerable impact on the historic building fabric and its
environs. Any long-term planning should consider such impacts and
study the site for other possible permanent restroom locations, away
from the house. Any planned facilities should be handicapped
accessible.
-- The temporary vault toilets should be abandoned when the permanent
facilities are established.
-- Any further additions to the existing house shoula be prohibited.
-- The possibilities of providing hot and cold water supply lines and a
utility wash-basin in the curatorial storage space should be
examined.
123
— The west porch steps should be rebuilt according to historical
photos.
-- The need to develop picnic and day use facilities should be reviewed
in conjunction with the new English Camp access trail to the
northwest of Crook House. Plans should harmonize with overall site
development objectives.
— A cyclical maintenance plan should be developed for Crook House.
— The south chimney exterior should be reconstructed in its historic
location.
-- The Cultural Resources Division should continue to provide a
consulting and coordinating role in site development.
Areas of Future Study
-- Historical landscape of English Camp, including the Crook House site.
-- Paint and wallpaper analysis of the Crook House.
-- The appropriateness of installing a temperature control system in
the curatorial storage space.
124
Rehabilitation to Meet Program Requirements
All rehabilitation to meet program and code needs of the Crook House
will take place in compliance with NPS-28 Standards for Historic and
Prehistoric Structures.
Every reasonable effort will be made to use the Crook House adaptively
in such a way as to require minimal alterations to the structure and its
environment and to its historic contents.
The distinguishing qualities and character of the structure and its
environment will not be destroyed, nor will historic materials or
architectural features be altered or removed.
All distinctive stylistic features of the house will be treated
sensitively and preserved. Deteriorated architectural features such as
the porch brackets, will be repaired rather than replaced wherever
possible.
125
New or replacement fabric will be identified or permanently marked
in an unobtrusive manner to distinguish it from original fabric. The
manner of identification and location of marks shall be recorded in park
files.
DIV. 1: GENERAL WORK
-- All work to meet the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for
Rehabil itation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings.
-- All work to meet National Park Service compliance guidelines.
— All work to meet all applicable code requirements.
-- Work requiring the assistance of the Regional Historical Architect
or other outside specialist is defined in this guide.
DIV. 2: SITE WORK
Selective Demolition for Remodeling
Demolition work required for the repair and rehabilitation on
historic structures does not call for a "wrecking ball" approach.
Proceed with demolition only after a careful analysis of any salvageable
material has been made. Care must be taken to insure that only work and
material that are non-historic are removed or destroyed. (Remove all
pieces in the reverse order in which they are applied; salvage and retain
all intact historic pieces for use in patching or restoration.)
-- Repair materials instead of replacing them whenever possible.
-- Demolition procedures should be undertaken under the supervision of
the Regional Historical Architect.
-- Conduct a survey of salvageable historic materials before demolition
begins in order to ascertain which building materials can be
126
reused. These materials should include bricks and stones, woodwork
including siding, doors and windows, iron and metal parts, fixtures
and door and window hardware.
-- Photograph any structure or part of a structure to be demolished
before demolition. Photographs should include interior and exterior
views.
Demolition Process
-- Identify all salvageable materials and carefully remove them from
the structure in a manner that does no damage to them and other
materials.
-- Regular demolition procedure can begin after all salvageable
materials have been removed. Care must be taken to insure that no
damage to other parts of the structure is incurred.
-- No building debris should be left against the building after
demolition.
— After the area has been cleared and demolition is completed, a
survey should be taken to ascertain the need for both immediate and
long range water and moisture protection.
-- Remove two sheds to southeast of Crook house, and clean up remaining
debris and surrounding grounds. Regional Archeologist to review all
salvage and debris before disposal.
-- Remove all chipboard and accoustical tile in original house.
-- Remove closet construction in parlor.
-- Remove interior stair construction.
127
Vegetation Control
— Prune or remove overgrown trees to insure abatement of hazard to
house and obstruction of selective views. Verify all work with
Regional Historian.
-- Remove all vegetation in contact with foundation or sides of
building.
Site Grading
Ideally, ground surfaces around any building should have a minimum
four percent slope down away from the building so that any surface water
is channeled away to a satisfactory drain or water course.
— Slope earthwork away from building walls and foundations.
— Fill depressions, holes, or shallow areas at building walls and
foundations with clean top soil. Allow soil to settle and refill.
-- Every precaution should be taken to insure that there is no standing
water at building edges or beneath buildings raised on piers and
that water drains away from the building.
-- Insure proper drainage of downspout discharge.
-- Insure proper drainage of spring runoff area to east of house.
DIV. 4: MASONRY
-- Repoint all exterior and interior chimney brick after careful
analysis of existing mortar conditions. All work to be done under
the supervision of the Regional Historical Architect.
— Stabilize masonry ruins under the supervision of the Regional
Historical Architect.
128
DIV. 6: WOOD
Exterior
-- Replace rot damaged girder section, porch floor joists, and porch
deck areas in southwest corner with pressure treated lumber,
properly detailed to prevent reoccurrence of problem.
— Replace damaged 4x4 column at southwest corner to match existing.
-- Replace damaged or rotted exterior trim, skirting, and siding- to
match existing.
-- Repair or replace damaged decorative porch brackets to match
existing.
-- Install a drip board at base of bevel edge siding to channel water
away from skirting below.
-- Where main girders are notched from previous foundation work,
provide appropriate preservation treatment.
— Add new rafters to flat roof area of addition to increase drainage.
-- Provide structural framing hardware at all toenail conditions on
second floor porch; use only anti-corrosive material.
-- Renail second floor porch deck as needed.
-- Inspect all porch railings for soundness. Discard rotted or
deteriorated members, and construct replacements to match. Renail
as needed.
-- Renail soffit boards as needed.
-- Rebuild west porch steps and balustrade.
Interior
— Insure proper reveal of interior trims when new wallboard finish is
applied by providing appropriate extensions.
129
— Frame rough wall opening between bedrooms #4 and #5, and install
door frame. Location to be decided by Regional Historical Architect,
-- Repair all existing flue openings in floors and ceilings with
matching materials.
-- Construct new interior stairway to meet code requirements.
DIV. 7: THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
-- Remove existing roofing materials down to the roof deck. Inspect
substrate for deterioration and repair as required.
-- Install new asphalt roof shingles and asphalt roofing felt.
-- Coordinate installation of shingles with flashing and other
adjoining work to ensure proper sequencing.
-- All nails to be hot dipped zinc coated or aluminum of sufficient
length to penetrate at least 1/2" into roof sheathing.
-- Install required edge and drip flashings at all eaves.
-- Replace all roof and chimney flashings.
-- Inspect and repair as needed flashing between existing building and
addition.
-- Caulk and seal all exterior joints with sealant.
-- Provide ventilation to all attic, roof, eave, soffit, and other
building void spaces to meet code standards.
-- Equip vents and chimney with storm proof louvers and insect screens
in removable frames to bar moisture, insects, and animals.
-- Remove existing gutters and replace with new, properly-sized gutters
matching existing style. Check all downspouts for proper drainage
and replace hangers. Provide at least 1/2" clearance between
building and downspouts.
130
Insulation and Vapor Barrier
Attic - Six-inch fiberglass batts; install six mil polyethelene vapor
barrier directly over second floor ceiling boards before gypsum
drywall ceiling finish is applied.
Walls - Remove top two wall boards, or as many as required to fill wall
cavity with mineral wool insulation. Number and key boards so
that the pieces can be replaced in their exact, original
location. Install six mil visquine vapor barrier directly over
wall boards or wall boards and wallpaper before gypsum drywall
wall finish is applied.
DIV. 8: DOORS AND WINDOWS
— Remove and recondition existing doors and windows.
— Install a high-grade weather stripping system on doors and windows.
Felt weather stripping should be avoided since it tends to retain
moisture.
-- Install thresholds.
— Replace all exterior and interior locks with a master keyed system
(excluding curatorial spaces which are to be keyed separately).
-- Visible hardware must conform with historic examples.
— New butts for all doors.
-- Restore frames and add to interior reveal to compensate for
additional wall finish thickness.
-- Second floor porch door to have a cylinder only-no knob, to
discourage use by all park personnel except for regular maintenance.
-- Access doors to curatorial space should have the panels filled on
the interior room side and the entire door then covered with a layer
131
of 5/8" gypsum drywall. All hinges to be on the interior side or
pinned.
DIV. 9: FINISHES
-- Remove existing interior finishes to wood flooring and wallpaper
(ceiling and wall). Original wallpaper and paint samples should be
taken prior to removal under the direction of the Regional
Historical Architect. After installing insulation and vapor
barrier, finish with 5/8" gypsum drywall on walls and ceiling.
-- At the time wood floors are re-exposed recommendations should be
made by the Regional Historical Architect for their rehabilitation
or replacement.
Painting
-- All paint application and removal procedures to be specified by the
Regional Historical Architect. All colors to be specified by
Regional Historical Architect.
DIV. 10: SPECIALTIES
Louvers and Vents
— Equip all louvers and vents with substantial removable insect
screening.
-- Paint out louvers and vents the same color used on the surrounding
wall as applicable.
132
Pest Control
Openings:
- Repair exterior finish and trim; install new blocking and trim as
required to close all openings.
- Screen all louvers and vents with heavy aluminum or bronze screens,
Wood Damaging Insects:
- Keep wood dry.
- Keep surfaces well-maintained and finished.
- Preservative treat or backprime all exterior finish woodwork or
mil lwork.
- Exterminate local infestations promptly.
- Diligently perform cyclical maintenance of wood exterior surfaces.
Fire Extinguishers
-- Locate to be as inconspicuous as consistent with good fire
prevention practices.
DIV. 12: FURNISHINGS
-- Select historically appropriate window drapes and shades.
DIV. 15: MECHANICAL
-- Check condition of all existing plumbing systems.
-- Recondition existing plumbing fixtures in bathroom and kitchen for
reuse.
133
Roof Drainage:
- All gutters and leaders must be checked annually to insure that all
sections are properly fitted, that no breaks or tears are present,
and that they are free of debris.
- Inspection should insure that any replacement is large enough to
handle water discharge and that the pitch is sufficient in order to
carry off the water adequately.
- All gutter outlets must be fitted with appropriate copper wire
strainers of the basket-type set into the leaders loosely.
Heating:
- Install new electric baseboard heating system as inconspicuously as
possible.
- Install a ventilation fan system for curatorial storage spaces that
exhausts through attic space and out attic vents.
DIV. 16: ELECTRICAL
-- Remove all existing electric wiring and service entrance.
-- Install new underground 200 amp service, and new branch circuits for
lighting and utilities.
-- Provide a hard-wired smoke and fire detection system and alarm
system. Include an audible alarm with system.
-- Coordinate exhibit lighting requirements with regional office
interpretive staff. All permanent lighting to be historically
appropriate.
-- Run any wiring installations concealed within the construction or as
inconspicuously as possible.
134
Install new lighting fixtures as specified by the Regional
Historical Architect.
All lighting fixtures in curatorial storage space are to be boxed-in
flourescents with UV filters.
135
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Statement of Significance
The Crook House appears to be eligible for the National Register of
Historic Places. The house and its site, overlapping and inextricably
connected with the historic site of English Camp, meet three of the four
Criteria of Eligibility for the National Register.
Criterion A : The Crook House and its site contributes to our
understanding of a broad pattern of American history at the regional and
local levels.
Regionally, the homestead settlement of William Crook and tots family
is characteristic of late settlement patterns in the Pacific Northwest,
where foreign and native-born individuals traveled great distances to
establish new homes and prove their claims through development of the
land. Unlike many of his neighbors, however, Crook cleared land and
re-used and adapted buildings already on site, establishing a unique
connection with the historic past that continues to this day.
Locally, the Crook family farm was typical of early San Juan Island
farms, deriving income from fruit production and sheep raising. The
present site shows the evolutionary development of a San Juan farm, with
a road, clearings, and some fruit trees left from its earliest
establishment by William Crook, through the changes brought about after
the turn-of-the-century by the family's second generation, with the
construction of the Crook House and such farm outbuildings as a
smokehouse and granary.
Criterion B : As he advanced in years, James Crook's local reputation
as an inventor grew. According to his sister, his "whole life" was
building and inventing, creating gadgets and machines that would make
141
life on the farm more efficient. His most noted invention, now in
possession of the San Juan County Historical Society, is a carding
machine, an example of the ingenuity and creativity which helped
establish his reputation on the island.
In addition, his father, William Crook, has been credited with
building a number of farmhouses on San Juan Island, although these have
not been identified. His association with the construction of these
buildings makes him a figure of local significance.
Finally, James and his sisters maintained an active interest in the
historic site, generating public interest by conducting tours of the
English Camp buildings and graveyard, and taking steps to preserve and
maintain some of the structures and the cemetery. They kept the farm and
site acreage intact until its purchase by the State of Washington and the
federal government for the establishment of an historic site.
Criterion C : The Crook House embodies distinctive characteristics of
a type, period, and method of construction. Its form is representative
of farmhouses dating from the turn-of-the-century, and is one of under a
dozen extant and in situ on the island dating prior to 1905. Its major
architectural features, including its distinctive porch, are intact, and
the interior has been only slightly altered. The rear kitchen wing,
added ca. 1960, while obtrusive, does not significantly affect the major
exterior elevations of the house.
142
APPENDIX B
Abridged Census Material Pertaining to Crook Family
Census
Data
Year
Name
Age
Occupation
Birthplace
1880
William Crook
40
House Carpenter
England
Mary
40
House
Scotland
Mary
11
Daughter
Nebraska Territory
James
9
Son
Wyoming Territory
Rhoda
2
Daughter
Washington Territory
1880
James Crook
76
Carpenter, widower
England
1885
William Crook
50
England
Mary
57
Scotland
Mary
13
Nebraska Territory
James
11
Wyoming Territory
Rhoda
06
Washington Territory
Jas. Crook
80
England
John Crook
52
England
1900
Will iam Crook
62
Farmer, widower
England
James
26
Farm Laborer
Wyoming Territory
Rhoda
20
Daughter
Washington Territory
Mary Davis
28
Daughter
Nebraska Territory
Herbert H. Davis 32
Captain, Steamboat
Michigan
Son-in-law
Sources: U.S.
Department
of Commerce, Bureau
of the Census, Tenth
Census
of Population:
: 1880, Pop
ulation Schedule, Washington State, San
Juan and Wahkiakum Counties; Washington Territorial
Auditor's Office,
Census
Roll, 1885; U,
.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
Twelfth Census Population: 1900
, Population Scheduli
2, Washington State,
San Juan County.
Notes: 1880 census data lists James Crook, age 76, living in the
dwelling visited by the census agent right after the Crook family
dwellers; 1885 census data including "Jas." Crook and John Crook show the
entire group living in one dwelling — which is approximately the time the
family would have moved into the barracks in English Camp; 1900 census
data lists Mary (Crook) and Herbert Davis living with the Crook
family--the mother, Mary, was dead by then.
143
APPENDIX C
Abridged San Juan County Property Assessment and Tax Roll Data
Pertaining to Crook Family
William Crook
Land
Improved
Year
Description
Acres
Acres
Value
1881
—
1882
—
1883
160.00
10
$250
1885
160.00
12
$252
1886
T.36N., R.4W.
Sec. 25— Lot 1
SW 1/4 of NW 1/4
Sec. 26— Lots 1, 11,
12, 13
160.00
12
$250
1890
T.36N., R.4W.
Sec. 26
160.00
12
$400
1895
T.36N., R.4W.
Sec. 25— NE 1/4
40.00
5
$250
of NW 1/4
Sec. 25— SW 1/4
40.00
--
$180
of NW 1/4
Sec. 25— SE 1/4
40.00
3
$150
of NW 1/4
Sec. 25— Lot 1
32.75
--
$200
Sec. 26— Part L.12
3.00
3
$75
Sec. 26— Part L.13
38.65
7
$300
1900
T.36N., R.4W.
Sec. 25— NW 1/4
152.00
--
$640
Sec. 26—
3.00
--
$60
Part L.12, L.13
Sec. 26— Lots 13,
56.00
--
$310
14, 15
Sec. 25--SW 1/4*
160.00
--
$660
Value of
Value of Personal
$990
$785
$300 $164
$400 $189
$400
$300 $194
$400
$400
$400
145
(Appendix C continued)
James Crook
Va
lue of
Land
Improved
Value of
Pei
^sonal
Year
Descript
ion
Acres
Acres
Value
Improvements
Pn
Dperty
1905
T.36N.,
R.4W.
Sec. 25-
-NW 1/4
152.
.75
—
$650
Sec. 26-
-Part L.12,
62,
.05
—
$400
$400
Lots 13, 14, 15
Sec. 26-
-Part L.l,
45.
,50
--
$250
$50
— -
Lot 2
1911
T.36N.,
R.4W.
Sec. 25-
-NW 1/4
152,
.75
--
$700
Sec. 26-
-Lots 1, 2,
105,
.05
—
$1000
$500
13, 14
, 15 plus
3 acres of Lot 12
Sec. 26-
-Tideland
15,
.47
--
$45
1915
T.36N.,
R.4W.
Sec. 25-
-NW 1/4
152,
.75
--
$700
Sec. 26-
-Lots 1, 2,
105,
.05
—
$1000
$500
13, 14
, 15 plus
3 acres of Lot 12
Sources: Washington,
oils, volumes for all
San Juan
County 1
Real Property Assessment
and
Tax R
years
ind
icated.
Notes: Methods of recording data changed over time. Prior to
1886, property rolls were listed in alphabetic order by owner's name;
after that date they were listed by township, range, and section
numbers. For the years between 1881 (earliest known available records)
and 1885, no legal description is given for William Crook's land, and, in
fact, no acreage is recorded for the years 1881 and 1882. The author
believes the most plausible explanation for this has something to do with
the registration date of Crook's patent in 1886. Note that the value of
the improvements on Lot 12, where English Camp structures and the Crook
house are located, barely changes over the years; a spot check for the
years 1920, 1931, and 1936 showed no increase in value of improvements.
*The southwest quarter of Section 25 was co-owned with one of
Crook's neighbors, a Mr. Sandwith.
146
APPENDIX D
ABCT1DW SALE s PUBLIC BPILDIBfeS
OFFICE CHIEF QUARTERMASTER,
Department of the Columbia,
g*OnTJL<AJri>, onEGOJT, October «©, 1875.
There will be sold at Public Auction on TUESDAY and WED-
NESDAY, the 93d and 34th days of November, the buildings comprising
the late Camps occupied by the American and British forces on San Juan
Island, Washington Territory.
THE SALE ON
, HOVETVTBEff %% 18FS.
At 11 A. M., will be at the Camp occupied by the U. S. Troops and com-
prises:
One BUILDING ©9x2©x8 with an Unfinished
Addition 40&20&S.
One BUILDING 25.rI2.r6 1 *.
One BUILDING ^<Krl2xT.
One BUILDING with Kitchen 43x18x7.
Quartermaster and Commissary Store Houses*,
Blacksmith and Carpenter Shops, Hospital, &c;
in all about 25 buildings,
ON THE FOLLOWING DAY
WEDNESDAY, NOV. 24, 1875,
At 11 A. M., the Sale will be at the Camp formerly occupied by the British
Troops, and comprises:
One BUILDING 41 T 29 with Wing 12S>x29
and KITCHEN attached 19i30.
One BUILDING 32x13. One BUILDING 39x36.
Hospital, Store Houses, Carpenter and Blacksmith Shops, <fcc, in all about
15 buildings.
The buildings will be sold at each Camp, separately, and must be re-
moved within 30 days after the Stle.
TERMS, CASH U.S. CURRENCY
1875 Auction Notice
Source: Washington State Archives
Regional Center, Bellinaham
Major <fc Qr. Mr., U. S. A., Chief Qr. Mr.
147
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149
APPENDIX F
Standard Distribution List for Cultural Resources Division,
Pacific Northwest Region
Inst i tut ion/ Individual # of copies
Cultural Resources, WASO 2
(for distribution to Cultural Resources Depository
and National Technical Information Service)
Division of History, WASO 2
--history reports only
Departmental Archeologist, WASO 1
--archeology reports only
Division of Anthropology (Scovill) 1
--archeology reports only
PNRO (includes 2 to library, 1 to area branch chief, 5
1 to division library, 1 to division chief, 1 to author)
Park 6
Denver Service Center
--DSC Technical Information Center, Division of Graphic Systems 1
--DSC team 2
— Rocky Mountain Regional Library 1
Harpers Ferry 3
Mather and Albright Training Centers (1 each) 2
Production Office Files 1
Department of the Interior Library 1
Library of Congress I
National Archives 1
PNRO Park Areas (Superintendents) 12
The Public Historian 1
Other NPS regions--CRM staffs 9
University of Washington—Richard Engeman 1
151
(Appendix F continued)
Variable Distribution List (prepared for each publication)
Inst i tut ion/ Individual ' # of copies
SHPO
Closest Federal Document Depository to subject park
Closest National Archives regional depository
Major State Historical Societies and associated libraries 1 ea.
Closest state and private universities/colleges 1 ea.
State and local historic preservation groups 1 ea.
All institutions at which research was done 1 ea.
Any individual who provided special assistance or research material 1 ea.
State and closest county/local libraries
152
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Evans, Elwood. Washington Territory: Her Past, Her Present and the
Elements of Wealth Which Ensure Her Future . Olympia, Washington:
C. B. Bagley, 1877; reprint ed., Seattle, Washington: Shorey Book
Store, 1966.
Filbey, William and Mary K. Meyer, eds. Passenger and Immigration Lists
Index . Vol. 1. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Co., 1981.
Haller, Granville 0. San Juan and Secession . Washington:
R. L. McCormick, 1896; reprint ed., Seattle, Washington: Shorey
Book Store, 1967.
Hanford, C. H. San Juan Dispute . Seattle, Washington: Dilettante
Publishing Co., 1900; reprint ed., Seattle, Washington: Shorey Book
Store, 1971.
Johansen, Dorothy. Empire of the Columbia: A History of the Pacific
Northwest . 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
Kenady, Stephan. "Small Craft Half Models from English Camp."
In San Juan Archaeology , pp. 189-196, Vol. 1. Edited by Roderick
Sprague. Moscow, Idaho: Laboratory of Anthropology, University of
Idaho, 1983.
Meeker, E. Washington Territory West of the Cascade Mountains . Olympia,
Washington: Transcript Office, Washington State, 1870; reprint ed.,
Seattle, Washington: Shorey Book Store, 1969.
Murray, Keith. The Pig War . Pacific Northwest Historical Pamphlet,
No. 6. Tacoma, Washington: Washington State Historical Society,
1968.
Richardson, David. Magic Islands . Eastsound, Washington: Orcas
Publishing Co., 1973.
Richardson, David. The Pig War Islands . Eastsound, Washington: Orcas
Publishing Co., 1971.
Schmoe, Floyd. For Love of Some Islands . New York: Harper and Row,
1964.
Walsh, Sophie. History and Romance of the San Juan Islands . Anacortes,
Washington: Anacortes American Press, 1932.
153
Government Documents
Listed in Chronological Order
Washington. Survey Map and Field Notes, Township 36 North, Range 4 West,
Willamette Meridian . Surveyor General's Office, 1874-75. Portland,
Oregon: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
Washington, Jefferson County Clerk, Third Territorial District Court.
Territorial Cause Files, File #195 , 1879. Washington State Archives
Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington. File #195, Series 2, Box 3
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Tenth Census of
Population . Population S
Wahkiakum Counties, 1880.
Population . Population Schedule, Washington State, San Juan and
hki,
Washington, Assessor's Office, San Juan County. San Juan County Real
Property Assessment and Tax Rolls . 1881-1915.
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Census. Twelfth Census of
Population. Population Schedule, Washington State, San Juan County,
imr.
Washington, Washington Territorial Auditor's Office. Census Roll . 1885.
Washington, Assessor's Office, San Juan County. San Juan County Personal
Property Assessment Rolls . 1891-1910.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Record of Patents ,
vol. 1, p. 123.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Record of Mortgages ,
Book 5, p. 236; Book 6, p. 49; Book 8, p. 452; Book 10, p. 50.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Record of Deeds ,
Book 1, pp. 253, 496; Book 6, p. 53; Book 7, p. 444; Book 8, p. 257.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Probate Records .
James Crook Estate, September 18, 1891. Washington State Archives
Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington. Box 1, W31-12, A-5.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Probate Records .
William Crook Estate, September 18, 1901. Washington State Archives
Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington. Box 3, W32-11, 65.
Washington, Auditor's Office, San Juan County. Probate Records .
Mary Crook Estate, October 21, 1901. Washington State Archives
Regional Center, Bellingham, Washington. Box 4, W32-11, 67.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Report on
San Juan Island Investigation , by E. Davidson, R. Bond, J. Lewis.
1937.
154
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. National
Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings: American and English Camps
(Pig War Site), San Juan Island, Washington , by Charles Snell.
April 10, 1961.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan
Island National Historical Park, Washington: A Proposal , by
Charles Brown, John Doerr, John Hussey, et. al. San Francisco:
Western Regional Office, National Park Service, March, 1964.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan
Island National Historical Park, Washington: A Master Plan , by
Richard W. Barnett, et. al. San Francisco: San Francisco Service
Center, National Park Service, 1968.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. English
Camp: San Juan Island National Historical Park; Historic
Structures Report, Part I , by A. Lewis Koue and Erwin Thompson .
Washington, D.C.: National Park Service, Division of History, 1969,
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Aerial
Detection of Historical Features of San Juan Island , Washington, by
Carl Strandberg Associates. Fremont, California, 1970.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Interpretive
Prospectus, San Juan Island National Historical Park" 19/1 .
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Resource Study, San Juan Island National Historical Park,
Washington , by Erwin Thompson. Denver, Colorado: Denver Service
Center, National Park Service, 1972.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Furnishings
Study: Guardhouse, Barracks, Storehouse, English Camp, San Juan
Island National Historical Park, Washington . Denver, Colorado:
Denver Service Center, National Park Service, 1972.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Classified
Structure Field Inventory Report, San Juan Island National
Historical Park , by Harold LaFleur, 1975.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Statement
for Management, San Juan Island National Historical Park,
Washington . Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional
Office, National Park Service, 1976.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Environmental
Assessment: Proposed General Management Plan, San Juan Island
National Historical Park" ! Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest
Regional Office, National Park Service, 1977.
155
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Structures Report, Officers' Quarters, Laundress Quarters, English
Camp Hospital, San Juan Island National Historical Park , by
Harold LaFleur, Jr. Denver, Colorado: Denver Service Center,
National Park Service, 1978.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. General
Management Plan, San Juan Island National Historical Park ,
Washington , by Don Campbell, et. al . 1979.
U.S. Department of the Interior, Heritage Conservation and Recreation
Service, National Architectural and Engineering Record. Field
' instructions for Measured Drawings, Historic American Buildings
Survey . Washington, D.C.: National Architectural and Engineering
Record, 1980.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Resource
Management Plan and Environmental Assessment, Revision of 1979
"general Management Plan, San Juan Island National Historical Park .
Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National
Park Service, 1982.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Structures Preservation Guide, Fort Spokane, Washington , by
Hank Florence. Seattle, Washington: Cultural Resources Division,
Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 1983.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Landscapes of San Juan Island National Historical Park , by
James Agee. Seattle, Washington: National Park Service Cooperative
Park Studies Unit, College of Forest Resources, University of
Washington, 1984.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Historic
Structures Report, Lake Crescent Lodge , by Hank Florence and
Gail Evans. Seattle, Washington: Cultural Resources Division,
Pacific Northwest Regional Office, National Park Service, 1984.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Crook House
Adaptive Use, Development/Study Package Proposal, San Juan Island
National Park, Washington, Form 10-238 , by Frank Hastings. San Juan
Island, Washington: San Juan Island National Historical Park,
National Park Service, 1984.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Rabbits,
Redoubts and Royal Marines: An Interdisciplinary Approach to
Resources Management Problems at San Juan Island National Historical
Park . Seattle, Washington: Pacific Northwest Regional Office,
National Park Service, 1984.
U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service. San Juan
Island National Historical Park Interpretive Prospectus . (Harpers
Ferry, West Virginia: Harpers Ferry Center, National Park Service,
1984.
156
Manuscript Collections
Friday Harbor, Washington. San Juan County Historical Society.
Crook Family Collection, including James Crook Daybook,
ca. 1890-1927; Mary Crook Davis unpublished diary, January 1,
1943-September 20, 1947; miscellaneous bills, letters, and other
ephemera.
San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington. Crook Family
Collection, including James Crook autograph book, 1888; undated
newspaper clippings; Palliser's architectural detail sheets;
architectural renderings of structures by William and J. Crook, and
other ephemera.
Periodicals and Newspapers
"A Bit of British Soil on San Juan," by Frank Lynch. Seattle
Post-Intel 1 igencer , 30 August 1956.
"From Barren Rock to Lime." Wilhelm's Magazine, The Coast 6 (September
1903):78-82.
"Historic Acres To Be A State Park." by Lucile McDonald. Seattle Times ,
15 December 1963.
"James Crook Receives Red Ensign at Ceremony." Unidentifiable newspaper
clip.
"The Old Blockhouse of English Camp," by Frank Lynch. Seattle
Post-Intelligencer , 29 August 1956.
"Preserving the Legacy of a Pioneer--Jim Crook," by Mark Anderson.
Pilot , November 1982, p. 2-3.
"Rediscovering the Pacific Northwest." Seattle Times Magazine ,
17 August 1952.
"San Juan County, Washington." Wilhelm's Magazine, The Coast 6
(September 1903): 91-100.
San Juan Islander , 25 February, 1 March, 20 September 1900.
Other Sources
Anderson, Rhoda Crook. Tape-recorded interview by Carl Stoddard.
Collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park.
18 February 1970.
Brown, Inez. Brown Lumber Company, Friday Harbor, Washington.
Unrecorded interview by Patricia Erigero. 3 August 1984.
157
Davis, Mary Crook. Handwritten notes from interview by Newland,
Washington Emergency Relief Administration, Everett, Washington.
Collection of San Juan Island National Historical Park. 27 July
1936.
Egeland, Etta. San Juan County Historical Society, Friday Harbor,
Washington. Unrecorded interview by Patricia Erigero.
28 June 1984; 1 August 1984.
Olympia, Washington. Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.
"Inventory of Historic Places, San Juan County."
Photographs
Friday Harbor, Washington. San Juan County Historical Society.
Crook Family Collection, including two photograph albums and
unmounted photographs. Ca. 1870-1970.
San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington. Crook Family
Collection, including one photograph album, one set of glass
negatives, unmounted photographs, ca. 1870-1970. Photographic
Inventory of Crook Artifacts by Ditmanson and Hunter, 1975.
Photograph and photographic negative file, San Juan Island National
Historical Park, American Camp, ca. 1870-1980.
' ^ *GPO 797 - 324 (1984)
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